Anatomy I Review Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Supraspinatus m.

Suprascapular fossa
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Abduct the shoulder
Suprascapular n. C4, C5, C6

Question 2

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Infraspinatus m.

Infraspinatus fossa
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Laterally rotate the shoulder, adduct the shoulder
Suprascapular n. C4, C5, C6

Question 3

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Teres Minor m.

Upper 2/3 of lateral border of the scapula
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Laterally rotate the shoulder, adduct the shoulder
Axillary n. C5, C6

Question 4

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Subscapularis m.

Subscapular fossa
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Medially rotate the shoulder
Upper and lower subscapular n. C5, C6, C7

Question 5

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Deltoid m.

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity
All: abduct
Anterior fibers: flex, medially rotate, horizontally adduct
Posterior fibers: extend, laterally rotate, horizontally abduct
Axillary n. C5, C6

Question 6

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Teres Major m.

Inferior angle and Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula
Crest of the lesser tubercle
Extend, adduct, medially rotate
Lower subscapular n. C5, C6, C7

Question 7

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Trapezius m.

External occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7- T12
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
Upper fibers: Bilaterally: extend the head and neck
Unilaterally: Laterally flex, rotate, elevate, upwardly rotate the scapula
Middle fibers: adduct (retract scap)
Lower fibers: Depress the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula
Spinal portion of cranial never XI and ventral ramus C2, C3, C4

Question 8

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Latissimus Dorsi m.

Inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, and posterior iliac crest
Intertubercular groove of the humerus
Extend, adduct, medially rotate
Thoracodorsal n. C6, C7, C8

Question 9

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Levater scapula m.

Transverse process of 1st – 4th cervical vertebrae
Medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
Unilaterally: Elevate, downwardly rotate, laterally flex the head and neck, rotate head and neck same side
Bilaterally: Extend the head and neck
Cervical C3, C4 and dorsal scapular n. C4, C5

Question 10

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Rhomboid major m.

Major: spinous process of T2-T5
Major: medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle
Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate the scapula
Dorsal scapular n. C4, C5

Question 11

Q

?

Answer

A

Rhomboid minor m.

Spinous process of C7-T1
Upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine of the scapula
Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate the scapula
Dorsal scapular n. C4, C5

Question 12

Q

?

Answer

A

Rhomboid minor m.

Minor: Spinous process of C7-T1
Minor: upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from spine of the scapula
Adduct, elevate, downwardly rotate the scapula
Dorsal scapular n. C4, C5

Question 13

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Pectoralis Major m.

Medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1st-6th ribs
Crest of the greater tubercle
All fibers: Adduct, medially rotate
Upper fibers: Flex and horizontally adduct the shoulder
Lower fibers: extend the shoulder
Upper fibers: lateral pectoral n. C5, C6, C7
Lower fibers: Lateral and medial pectoral n. C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 14

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Serratus Anterior m.

External surfaces of upper eight or nine ribs
Anterior surface of medial border of the scapula
With origin fixed: Abduct the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula, depress the scapula, hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage
With scapula fixed: May act to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
Long thoracic n. C5, C6, C7, C8

Question 15

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Pectoralis Minor m.

3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
Medial surface of coracoid process of the scapula
Depress the scapula, abduct, downwardly rotate
W/ scapula fixed: Assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
Medial pectoral with fibers from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral n. C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 16

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Subclavius m.

First rib and cartilage
Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle
Depress the clavicle and draw it anteriorly, elevate the 1st rib (to assist during inhalation), stabilize the SC joint
Subclavian n. C5, C6

Question 17

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Biceps brachii m.

Short head: coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
Flex the elbow, supinate the forearm, flex the shoulder
Musculocutaneous n. C5, C6

Question 18

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Triceps Brachii m.

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of proximal half of the humerus
Medial head: posterior surface of distal half of the humerus
Olecranon process of the ulna
All heads: extend the elbow
Long head: extend the shoulder and adduct the shoulder
Radial n. C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 19

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Coracobrachialis m.

Coracoid process of the scapula
Medial surface of mid-humeral shaft
Flex the shoulder and adduct the shoulder
Musculocutaneous n. C6, C7

Question 20

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Brachialis m.

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
Flex the elbow
Musculocutaneous, small branch from radial n. C5, C6

Question 21

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Anconeus m.

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna
Extend the elbow
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 22

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis m.

Humero-ulnar head: Medial epicondyle if the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
Radial head: anterior border of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
The sides of the middle phalanges of the 2nd-5th digits
Wrist joints and MCP and PIP joints of the 2nd-5th digits: flexion
Median n. C8, T1

Question 23

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Pronator teres m.

Humeral head: medial epicondyle
Ulnar head: coronoid process of the ulna
Lateral surface of the radius
Elbow joint: weak flexion
Forearm joints: pronation
Medial n. C6, C7

Question 24

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Flexor carpi radialis m.

Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Base of the second metacarpal (sometimes 3rd)
Wrist joints: flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
Median n. C6, C7

Question 25

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris m.

Humeral head: medial epicondyle
Ulnar head: olecranon Pisiform, hook of the hamate, base of the 5th metacarpal
Wrist joints: flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand
Ulnar n. C8, T1

Question 26

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Palmaris longus

Answer

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Palmar aponeurosis
Wrist joints: flexion tightens the palmar aponeurosis for gripping
Median n. C7, C8

Question 27

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Flexor digitorum profundus

Answer

A

Proximal 2/3 of the flexor surface of the ulna and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Palmar surface of the distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th
Wrist joints and the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of the 2nd-5th digits: flexion
Median n. C8, T1 (2nd and 3rd digits)
Ulnar n. C8, T1 (4th and 5th digits)

Question 28

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Flexor pollicis longus

Answer

A

Mid-anterior surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Palmar surface of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Wrist joints: flexion and radial abduction of the hand
CMC joints: opposition
MCP and IP joints: flexion
Median n. C8, T1

Question 29

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Pronator quadratus

Answer

A

Distal ¼ of the anterior surface of the ulna
Distal ¼ of the anterior surface of the radius
Pronates the hand, stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint
Median n. C8, T1

Question 30

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Extensor Digitorum

Answer

A

Common head (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
Dorsal digital expansion of the 2nd-5th digits
Wrist joints: extension, adduction (ulnar deviation)
MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of 5th digit: extension and abduction of the 5th digit
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 31

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Extensor digiti minimi

Answer

A

Common head (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
Dorsal digital expansion of the 5th digit
Wrist joints: extension, adduction (ulnar deviation)
MCP, PIP, DIP joints of the 5th digit: extension and abduction of the 5th digit
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 32

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer

A

Common head (lateral epicondyle of the humerus), ulnar head
Base of the 5th metacarpal
Wrist joints: extension, adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 33

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Supinator

Answer

A

Olecranon of the ulna, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament
Radius
Radioulnar joint: supination
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 34

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Abductor pollicis longus

Answer

A

Dorsal surfaces of the radius and ulna, also the interosseous
Base of the 1st metacarpal
Radiocarpal joint: abduction of the hand
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: abduction
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 35

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Extensor Pollicis brevis

Answer

A

Posterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Radiocarpal joint: abduction
CMC and MCP joints of the thumb: extension
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 36

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

Extensor pollicis longus

Answer

A

Posterior surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane
Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Wrist joints: extension and abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
CMC joint of the thumb: adduction
MCP and IP joints of the thumb: extension
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 37

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Extensor Indicis m.

Posterior surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane
Posterior digital expansion of the 2nd digit
Wrist joint: extension
MCP, PIP, and DIP joints of 2nd digit: extension
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 38

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Brachioradialis m.

Lateral surface of the distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
Styloid process of the radius
Elbow joint: flexion
Forearm joints: semi pronation
Radial n. C5, C6

Question 39

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus m.

Lateral surface of the distal humerus (lateral supracondylar ridge), lateral intermuscular septum
Dorsal base of the 2nd metacarpal
Wrist joints: dorsal extension, abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
Radial nerve

Question 40

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

Lateral epicondylar of the humerus
Dorsal base if the 3rd metacarpal
Wrist joints: dorsal extension, abduction (radial deviation) of the hand
Radial n. C7, C8

Question 41

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis m.

Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and scaphoid tubercles
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Abduct the thumb
Median n. C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 42

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Flexor Pollicis Brevis m.

Superficial head: flexor retinaculum
Deep head: trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Flex the thumb; assist in opposition
Superficial head: median n. C6, C7, C8, T1
Deep head: Ulnar n. C8, T1

Question 43

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Opponens Pollicis m.

Flexor retinaculum and tbercle of the trapezium
Entire length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
Opposition of the thumb at the CMC joint
Median n. C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 44

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Adductor Pollicis m.

Capitate, second and third metacarpals
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Adduct the thumb; assist to flex the thumb
Ulnar n. C8, T1

Question 45

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Lumbricals of the hand

Surfaces of the flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surface of phalanges
Extend the 2-5th fingers at the IP joints;
Flex the 2-5th fingers at the MCP joints
2nd and 3rd: median n. C6, C7, C8, T1
4th and 5th: ulnar n. C7, C8, T1

Question 46

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Palmar Interossei

Base of 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals
Base of the proximal phalanx of the related finger and extensor aponeurosis
Adduct the thumb, 2nd, 4th, 5th;
Assist to flex the thumb 2nd, 4th, 5th; assist to extend the thumb 2nd, 4th, 5th at the IP joints
Ulnar n. C8, T1

Question 47

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Dorsal Interossei

Adjacent sides of all metacarpals
Base of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers and the extensor aponeurosis
Abduct the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at MCP joints;
Assist to flex of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers MCP;
Assist to extend the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers at the IP joints
Ulnar n. C8, T1

Question 48

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Abductor digiti minimi m.

Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Base of the proximal phalanx of 5th finger and ulnar surface
Abduct the 5th finger
Ulnar n. C7, C8, T1

Question 49

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Flexor digiti Minimi brevis m.

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, palmar surface
Flex the finger; assist in opposition of 5th finger toward the thumb
Ulnar n. C7, C8, T1

Question 50

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Opponens Digiti minimi m.

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface
Opposition of 5th finger at the CMC joint
Ulnar n. C7, C8, T1

Question 51

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Splenius Capitis m.

Inferior one half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T4
Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Unilaterally: rotate the head and neck to the same side; laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the head and neck
Cervical

Question 52

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Splenius Cervicis m.

Spinous processes of T3 to T6
Transverse processes of C1 to C3
Unilaterally: rotate the head and neck to the same side; laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the head and neck
Cervical

Question 53

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Rectus capitis Posterior major m.

Spinous process of the axis (C2)
Inferior nuchal line of the occiput
Rotate the head to the same side; rock and tilt the head back into extension
Suboccipital

Question 54

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor m.

Tubercle of the posterior arch of the atlas (C1)
Inferior nuchal line of the occiput
Rock and tilt the head back into extension
Suboccipital

Question 55

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Oblique capitis superior m.

Transverse process of the atlas (C1)
Between the nuchal lines of the occiput
Rock and tilt the head back into extension; laterally flex the head to the same side
Suboccipital

Question 56

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Oblique capitis inferior m.

Spinous process of the axis (C2)
Transverse process of the atlas (C1)
Rotate the head to the same side
Suboccipital

Question 57

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Spinalis m.

(O.) Spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae (thoracis);
(O.) Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 (cervicis)
(In.)Spinous process of upper thoracic (thoracis) and spinous process of cervical (cervicis)
Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
Spinal

Question 58

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Longissimus m.

(O.) Common tendon (thoracis);
(O.) Transverse processes of upper five thoracic vertebrae (cervicis and capitis)
(In.) Lower nine ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae (thoracis);
(In.) Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (cervicis)
(In.) Mastoid process of temporal bone (capitis)
Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
Spinal

Question 59

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Iliocostalis m.

(O.) Common tendon (lumborum),
(O.) Posterior surface of ribs 1-12 (thoracis and cervicis)
(In.) Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of rubs 6-12 (lumborum)
(In.) Posterior surface of ribs 1-6 (thoracis)
(In.) Transverse processes of lower cervicals (cervicis)
Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
Spinal

Question 60

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Multifidi m.

Sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (span 2-4 vertebrae)
Unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
Spinal

Question 61

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Rotatores m.

Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra (span 1-2 vertebra)
Unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
Spinal

Question 62

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Semispinalis capitis m.

Transverse processes of C4-T5
Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
Extend the vertebral column
cervical

Question 63

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Quadratus Lumborum m.

Posterior iliac crest
Last rib and transverse processes of first through fourth lumbar vertebrae
Unilaterally: laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis, laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, assist to extend the vertebral column
Bilaterally: fix the last rib during forced inhalation
Lumbar plexus T12, L1, L2, L3

Question 64

Q

Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation

?

Answer

A

Intertraversarii m.

(O.) Cervical: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7
(O.) Lumbar: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae L1-5
(In.) Cervical: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7
(In.) Lumbar: spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae L1-5
Unilaterally: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
Spinal

Answer 65

A

Interspinalis m.

(O.) Cervical: spanning the spinous processes of C2 to T3
(O.) Lumbar: spanning the spinous processes of T12 – L5
(In.) Cervical: spanning the spinous processes of C2 to T3
(In.) Lumbar: spanning the spinous processes of T12 – L5
Extend the vertebral column
Spinal

Answer 66

A

Rectus abdominis m.

Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
Cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs and xiphoid process
Flex the vertebral column; tilt the pelvis posteriorly
T5–12, ventral rami

Answer 67

A

External obliques m.

External surfaces of 5th-12th ribs
Anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column; compress abdominal contents
T5-12

Answer 68

A

Internal Obliques m.

Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
Internal surface of lower three ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Unilaterally: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same ide, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column; compress abdominal contents
T7-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral rami

Answer 69

A

Transverse abdominis m.

Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower six ribs
Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Compress abdominal contents
T7-12, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral divisions

Answer 70

A

Diaphragm m.

(O.) Costal attachments: inner surface of lower six ribs
(O.) Lumbar attachments: upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
(O.) Sternal attachment: inner part of xiphoid process
(In.) Central tendon
Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm; increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
Phrenic n. C3, C4, C5

Answer 71

A

Inferior border of the rib above
Superior border of the rib below
External intercostals: draw ribs superiorly (increasing space of the thoracic cavity) to assist with inhalation
Internal intercostals: draw the ribs inferiorly (decreasing the space of the thoracic cavity)
Thoracic

Answer 72

A

Serratus posterior superior m.

Spinous process of C7-T3
Posterior surface of second through fifth ribs
Elevate the ribs during inhalation
T1-4

Answer 73

A

Serratus posterior inferior m.

Spinous process of T12 – L3
Posterior surface of 9th – 12th ribs
Depress the ribs during exhalation
T9-12

Answer 74

A

Platysma m.

Skin over lower neck and upper lateral thorax
Mandible (inferior border), skin over lower face and angle of mouth
Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth, tenses skin of neck, aids forced depression of mandible
Cervical branch of facial n. (CN VII)

Answer 75

A

Sternocleidomastoid m.

(O.) Sternal head: Sternum (manubrium)
(O.) Clavicular head: Clavicle (medial one third)
(In.) Sternal & Clavicular heads: Temporal bone (mastoid process), occipital bone (superior nuchal line)
Unilateral: Tilts head to same side, rotates head to opposite side
Bilateral: Extends head, aids in respiration when head is fixed
Accessory n. (CN XI)

Answer 76

A

Gluteus Maximus m.

Coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments
Iliotibial tract (upper fibers) and gluteal tuberosity (lower fibers)
All fibers: Extend the hip, laterally rotate the hip, abduct
Lower fiber: Adduct the hip
Inferior gluteal n. L5, S1, S2

Answer 77

A

Gluteus Medius m.

Gluteal surface of ilium, between posterior and anterior gluteal lines, just below the iliac crest
Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
All fibers: abduct the hip
Anterior fibers: flex the hip, medially rotate
Posterior fibers: extend the hip, laterally rotate the hip
Superior gluteal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 78

A

Gluteus Minimus m.

Gluteal surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Anterior aspect of greater trochanter
Abduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, flex the hip
Superior gluteal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 79

A

Iliac crest, posterior to the ASIS
Iliotibial band
Flex the hip, medially rotate the hip, abduct the hip
Superior gluteal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 80

A

Piriformis m.

Anterior surface of sacrum
Superior aspect of greater trochanter
Laterally rotate the hip, abduct the hip when the hip is flexed
Sacral plexus L5, S1, S2

Answer 81

A

Quadratus femoris m.

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Intertrochanteric crest between the greater and lesser trochanters
Laterally rotate the hip
Sacral plexus L4, L5, S1, S2

Answer 82

A

Obturator externus m.

Rami of pubis and ischium, obturator membrane
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Laterally rotate the hip
Obturator n. L3, L4

Answer 83

A

Obturator internus m.

Obturator membrane and inferior surface of obturator foramen
Medial surface of greater trochanter
Laterally rotate the hip
Sacral plexus L5, S1, S2

Answer 84

A

Gemellus superior m.

Ischial spine
Medial surface of greater trochanter
Laterally rotate the hip
Sacral plexus L5, S1, S2

Answer 85

A

Gemellus inferior m.

Ischial tuberosity
Medial surface of greater trochanter
Laterally rotate
Sacral plexus L4, L5, S1, S2

Answer 86

A

Iliacus m.

Iliac fossa
Lesser trochanter
W/ origin fixed: flex the hip and may laterally rotate the hip
W/ insertion fixed: flex the trunk toward the thigh, tilt pelvis anteriorly
Femoral L1, L2, L3, L4

Answer 87

A

Psoas Major m.

Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Lesser trochanter
W/ origin fixed: flex the hip, may laterally rotate the hip
W/ insertion fixed: flex the trunk toward the thigh, tilt pelvis anteriorly
Lumbar plexus L1, L2, L3, L4

Answer 88

A

Psoas Minor m.

Body and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Superior ramus of pubis
Assist to create lordotic curvature in the lumbar spine; tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Lumbar plexus L1, L2

Answer 89

A

Rectus femoris m.

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
Extend the knee, flex the hip
Femoral n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 90

A

Vastus medialis m.

Medial lip of the linea aspera
Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
Extend the knee
Femoral n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 91

A

Vastus lateralis m.

Lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter
Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
Extend the knee, flex the hip
Femoral n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 92

A

Vastus intermedius m.

Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur
Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)
Extend the knee, flex the hip
Femoral n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 93

A

Biceps femoris m.

(O.) Long head: ischial tuberosity
(O.) Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
(I.) Head of the fibula
Flex the knee, laterally rotate the flexed knee, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
(In.) Long head: extend the hip, assist to laterally rotate the hip Long head: sciatic (tibial branch) L5, S1, S2, S3
(In.) Short head: sciatic (peroneal branch) L5, S1, S2

Answer 94

A

Semitendinosus m.

Ischial tuberosity
Proximal, medial shaft of this tibia at pes anserinus tendon
Flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, assist to medially rotate the hip, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, L5, S1, S2

Answer 95

A

Semimembranosus m.

Ischial tuberosity
Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia
Flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, assist to medially rotate the hip, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, L5, S1, S2

Answer 96

A

Adductor Magnus m.

Inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of ischium and ischial tuberosity
Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tubercle
Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
Posterior fibers: extend the hip
Obturator L2, L3, L4, & Sciatic L4, L5, S1

Answer 97

A

Pectineus m.

Superior ramus of pubis
Pectineal line of femur
Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
Femoral & obturator L2, L3, L4

Answer 98

A

Gracilis m.

Inferior ramus of pubis
Proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon
Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee
Obturator n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 99

A

Adductor longus m.

Pubic turbercle
Medial lip of linea aspera
Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
Obturator n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 100

A

Adductor brevis m.

Inferior ramus of pubis
Pectineal line and medial lip of linea aspera
Adduct the hip, medially rotate the hip, assist to flex the hip
Obturator n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 101

A

Sartorius m.

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus
Flex the hip, laterally rotate the hip, abduct the hip, flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee
Femoral n. L2, L3, L4

Answer 102

A

Gastrocnemius m.

Condyles if the femur, posterior surfaces
Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Flex the knee, plantar flex the ankle
Tibial n. S1, S2

Answer 103

A

Soleus m.

Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia and posterior aspect of head of fibula
Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Plantar flex the ankle
Tibial n. L5, S1, S2

Answer 104

A

Plantaris m.

Lateral supracondylar line of femur
Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Weak plantar flexion of the ankle, weak flexion of the knee
Tibial n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 105

A

Popliteus m.

Lateral condyle of the femur
Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
Medially rotate the flexed knee, flex the knee
Tibial n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 106

A

Peroneus Longus m.

Head of the fibula and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
Base if the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle
Superficial peroneal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 107

A

Peroneus Brevis m.

Distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle
Superficial peroneal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 108

A

Tibialis anterior m.

Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface if tibia and interosseous membrane
Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Invert the foot, dorsiflex the ankle
Deep peroneal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 109

A

Extensor digitorum longus m.

Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
Middle and distal phalanges of 2nd -5th toes
Extend the 2nd -5th toes, dorsiflex the ankle, evert the foot
Peroneal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 110

A

Extensor hallucis longus m.

Middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Distal phalanx of 1st toe
Extend the 1st toe, dorsiflex the ankle, and invert the foot
Deep peroneal n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 111

A

Tibialis posterior m.

Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane
All five tarsal bones and bases of 2nd – 4th metatarsals
Invert the foot and plantarflex the ankle
Tibial n. L4, L5, S1

Answer 112

A

Flexor digitorum longus m.

Middle, posterior surface of tibia
Distal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes
Flex the 2nd – 5th toes, weak plantar flexion of ankle, invert the foot
Tibial L5, S1, S2

Answer 113

A

Flexor hallucis longus m.

Middle half of posterior fibula
Distal phalanx of 1st toe
Flex the 1st toe. Weak plantar flexion of ankle, invert the foot
Tibial L5, S1, S2

Answer 114

A

Extensor digitorum brevis m.

Dorsal surface of calcaneus
2nd – 4th toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons
Extend the 2nd – 4th toes
Deep peroneal L4, L5, S1

Answer 115

A

Flexor digitorum brevis m.

Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Middle phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes
Flex middle phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes
Tibial L4, L5, S1

Answer 116

A

[Abductor Hallucis] (https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/abductor-hallucis-muscle) m.

Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Proxinal phalanx of 1st toe (medial surface) and medial sesamoid bone
Abduct the 1st toe, assist to flex the 1st toe
Tibial L4, L5, S1

Answer 117

A

Abductor digiti Minimi m.

Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Proximal phalanx of 5th toe (lateral surface)
Flex the 5th toe, assist abduct the 5th toe
Tibial S1, S2

Answer 118

A

Extensor hallucis Brevis m.

Dorsal surface of calcaneus
Proximal phalanx of 1st toe
Extend the 1st toe
Deep peroneal L4, L5, S1

Answer 119

A

Flexor hallucis brevis m.

Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
Medial and lateral surfaces of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe
Flex the 1st toe
Tibial L4, L5, S1

Answer 120

A

Adductor hallucis m.

(O.) Oblique head: bases of 2nd – 4th metatarsals
(O.) Transverse head: plantar ligament of 3rd – 5th metatarsophalangeal joints
Lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe
Adduct the 1st toe, assist to maintain transverse arch of foot, assist to flex the 1st toe
Tibial S1, S2

Answer 121

A

Flexor digiti Minimi Brevis m.

Base of 5th metatarsal
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe
Flex the 5th toe
Tibial S1, S2

Answer 122

A

Quadratus Plantae m.

Medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus
Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon
Assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2nd – 5th toes
Tibial S1, S2

Answer 123

A

Plantar interossei (P.AD)

Medial surfaces of 3rd–5th metatarsals
Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd–5th toes
Adduct 3rd–5th toes, flex 3rd–5th toes
Tibial S1, S2

Answer 124

A

Dorsal interossei (D.AB)

Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals
(I.) First: Medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
(I.) 2nd–5th: Lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd–4th toes
Abduct 2nd–4th toes, flex 2nd–4th toes
Tibial S1, S2

Answer 125

A

Lumbricals of the foot

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes and extensor digitorum longus tendons (on dorsal surface of toes)
Flex the proximal phalanges of 2nd – 5th toes at the MTP joints, Extend the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes at the IP joints
First: tibial L4, L5, S1
2nd–4th: tibial L4, L5, S1, S2

Answer 126

A

Masseter m.

Zygomatic arch
Angle and ramus of mandible
Elevate the mandible (TMJ), may assist to protract the mandible
Trigeminal (V) mandibular division

Answer 127

A

Temporalis m.

Temporal fossa and fascia
Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible
Elevate the mandible (TMJ), retract the mandible
Trigeminal (V) mandibular division

Answer 128

A

Suprahyoids m.

(O.) Geniohyoid: underside of mandible
(O.) Mylohyoid: underside of mandible
(O.) Stylohyoid: styloid process
Hyoid bone Elevate hyoid, depress mandible
(In.) Geniohyoid: C1, 2
(In.) Mylohyoid: trigeminal (V)
(In.) Stylohyoid: Facial (VII)

Answer 129

A

Digastric m.

Mastoid process
Inferior border of the mandible
W/ hyoid bone fixed, depress the mandible (TMJ)
W/ mandible fixed, elevate the hyoid bone, retract the mandible
Anterior belly: Trigeminal (V) mandibular division
Posterior belly: Facial

Answer 130

A

Infrahyoid m.

(O.) Sternohyoid and sternothyroid: top of manubrium
(O.) Thyrohyoid: thyroid cartilage
(O.) Omohyoid: Superior border of the scapula
(I.) Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, and Omohyoid: hyoid bone
(I.) Sternothyroid: thyroid cartilage
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, and Omohyoid: C1, C2, C3
Thyrohyoid: C1, C2

Answer 131

A

Occipitofrontalis m.

Galea aponeurosis
(I.) Frontalis: skin superior to eyebrows
(I.) Occipitalis: superior nuchal line of the occiput
Frontalis: raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead
Occipitalis: Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly
Facial (VII)

Answer 132

A

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
Medial surface of ramus of the mandible
Unilaterally: laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
Bilaterally: elevate the mandible, protarct the mandible
Trigeminal (V)

Answer 133

A

(O.) Superior head: infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
(O.) Inferior head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
Unilaterally: laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Protract the mandible
Trigeminal (V)