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Medical Terminology BSMSA > Principle Systems Pt. 3 (Urinary And Reproductive) > Flashcards

Principle Systems Pt. 3 (Urinary And Reproductive) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs

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2
Q

Nephr/o

Ren/o

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureters

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4
Q

Cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

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5
Q

Urethr/o

A

Urethra

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6
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer part of a kidney

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7
Q

Renal medulla

A

Inner portion of a kidney

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8
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Top part of the ureter into which the kidney tubules (part of a nephron) drain

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9
Q

Digestive system eliminates…

A

Solid waste

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10
Q

Respiratory system eliminates…

A

Carbon dioxide

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11
Q

The skin eliminates…

A

Heat and salts

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12
Q

The urinary system eliminates…

A

Water, toxins and salts

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13
Q

Glomerulus

A

Part of a nephron. Contains capillary blood vessels which filter liquid from the blood

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14
Q

Urine

A

Excreted from the kidneys, this liquid contains 95% water and 5% solids (i.e. Urea and uric acid)

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15
Q

What is urine propelled through the body by?

A

Peristaltic contractions of the walls of the ureters, through the urinary bladder and out through the urethra

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16
Q

Haemodialysis

A

Filtering blood through a machine due to the kidneys being unable to function

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17
Q

Renal failure

A

Decrease or cessation of glomerular filtration within the kidney. Renal failure causes oedema (excessive fluid build up) and acidosis (abnormal increase in the acidity of bodily fluids). Can be acute or chronic.

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18
Q

Function of the two ureters?

A

Prevent backflow of urine as pressure builds in the bladder

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19
Q

Afferent blood vessel

A

Narrow vessel from the glomerulus

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20
Q

AGN

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

Calyces

A

Cup shaped divisions of the renal pelvis (singular calyx)

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22
Q

Catheter

A

A tube for introducing or withdrawing fluid from the body

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23
Q

Cystoptosis

A

Displacement/ prolapse of the bladder

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24
Q

Diuresis

A

Increase in the production of urine

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25
Q

Efferent blood vessel

A

Wider vessel from the glomerulus

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26
Q

GFR

A

Glomerulus filtration rate

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27
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Backlog of urine causing pressure and damaging the kidneys

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28
Q

Incontinence

A

Lack of voluntary control of urine discharge

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29
Q

IVP

A

Intravenous pyelogram

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30
Q

KUB

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder

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31
Q

Micturition

A

Expelling of urine

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32
Q

Oliguria

A

Scanty production of urine

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33
Q

Papilloma

A

Tumour of the bladder lining

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34
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis of the kidney

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35
Q

RGP

A

Retrograde pyelogram

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36
Q

Urethrostenosis

A

Narrowing of the urethra

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37
Q

Voiding

A

Bodily process of discharging urine

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38
Q

Gonads

A

Testes/ovaries

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39
Q

Gametes

A

Ova/ sperm

40
Q

Function of ovaries

A

To produce egg cells (ova/ ovum/ oocytes)

41
Q

Oogenesis

A

Formation of eggs

42
Q

Oogenesis

A

Formation of eggs

43
Q

The 3 layers of uterus muscle

A

Perimetrium (outer), myometrium (middle), endometrium (inner)

44
Q

Cervix

A

Lower part of the uterus

45
Q

4 external genitalia of the female reproductive system

A

Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, perineum

46
Q

What are the 3 accessory sex glands of the female reproductive system?

A

Vagina, Vulva (pudendum), external genitalia

47
Q

Lactation

A

Production of milk by the mammary glands

48
Q

Area surrounding the nipple

A

Areola

49
Q

The 4 phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Proliferative, ovulation, secretory, menses

50
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

51
Q

Function of FSH

A

Stimulates an immature (graafian) follicle in the ovary to mature and ripen, releasing an ovum ready for fertilisation

52
Q

Function of oestrogen

A

Produced by the FSH-stimulated follicle, and stimulates rapid growth in the lining of the uterus

53
Q

Menarche

A

Beginning of periods

54
Q

Climacteric

A

Menopause

55
Q

LH

A

Luteinising hormone

56
Q

Function of luteinising hormone?

A

Stimulates the follicle to develop into a Corpeus Luteum (yellow body) which then secretes the hormone progesterone

57
Q

Secretory phase of menstruation

A

Glands secrete a watery substance that aids the spermatozoa to reach the fallopian tubes and fertilise the ovum

58
Q

What stops being produced at menses, causing the lining of the uterus to shed?

A

Progesterone

59
Q

Amenorrhoea

A

Absence of menstruation

60
Q

Dysmenorrhoea

A

Painful menstruation

61
Q

Endometriosis

A

Endometrial tissue in an abnormal location

62
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

A common tumour of the breast

63
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Abnormal, heavy or prolonged menstruation

64
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Surgical removal of the ovaries

65
Q

Ovarian cysts

A

Fluid-containing tumours of the ovaries

66
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Surgical removal of a fallopian tube

67
Q

Vulvovaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina and vulva

68
Q

CIN-1-IV

A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasm Grade 1 intravenously

(Grade 0-1 low grade
Grade 2-4 high grade)

69
Q

PAP test

A

Cervical smear test

70
Q

Semin/o

A

Semen

71
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Production of spermatozoa

72
Q

Scrotum

A

Encases the testes

73
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Produce a fluid which becomes the liquid part of semen

74
Q

Prostate gland

A

Produces enzymes and fluids used in semen

75
Q

Prepuce

A

Foreskin

76
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of the (glans) head of the penis

77
Q

Circumcision

A

Surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce

78
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymis

79
Q

Epispadias

A

Displaced urethral opening- upper side of the penis

80
Q

Genitourinary

A

Urinary and male reproductive system

81
Q

Gynaecomastia

A

Enlargement of the male breast

82
Q

Hydrocele

A

Water filled sac

83
Q

Hypospadias

A

Displaced urethral opening- underside of penis

84
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation of a testicle

85
Q

Orchidopexy

A

Fixing of an undescended testicle

86
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis

87
Q

Peyronie’s Disease

A

Scar tissue along the length of the penis causing it to bend

88
Q

Phallitis

A

Inflammation of the penis

89
Q

Prostatism

A

Describes urinary difficulties caused by enlarged prostate

90
Q

PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen

91
Q

Testicular cancer

A

More associated with males who have a history of late or undescended testes

92
Q

TURP

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate

93
Q

Urethral stricture

A

Narrowing or blockage of the urethra

94
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

95
Q

Varicocele

A

Dilatation of veins around the testis and vas deferens

96
Q

Vasectomy

A

Surgical cutting of the vas deferens

97
Q

Venereology

A

Study of sexually transmitted diseases

Medical Terminology BSMSA (45 decks)

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