Primate Taxonomy Flashcards
taxonomic classification
hierarchial organisizing systems based on acentral trait similarities
homoinoid clade
humans, african apes, asian apes
renamed groups
– tarsiers from prosimians to haplorhines
– muriqiui (splits into two species; southern and northern)
derived traits
distinuish a species from a last common acestor (can be homologous or homoplasy)
homology
shared drived trait (e.g. knuckle walking in gorillas and chimps)
homoplasy
an analougs trait that indepdenent evolved (e.g. trichromatic vision in catahrrines and howler monkeys)
what causes changes in traits to occur
mutations
types of evolution
analogous/convergent/parallel evolution
social evolution
cultural evolution
homologous evolution
old classification
based on PHENETIC/convergent similairites (apperance)
- prosimians
- anthropoids
prosimians
lemurs
lorises
tarsiers
(paraphyletic clade)
anthropoids
nw world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes
new classification
- strepsirhines
- haplorhines
is the cladistic classifcaiton (monophyletic)
strepsirhines groups
lemurs
lorises
strepsirhines aspects
- streps = curly nose + yes rhinarium
- wet nose
- some with claws instead of nails and acute smell
- have a rhinarium and use scent marking
haplorhine groups
- new world monkeys
- old world monkeys
- tarsiers
anthropoidea groups?
new world monkeys (playyrrhines) and (catarthines: old world monkeys + apes)
catarrhine sub broups
old world monkeys
apes
old world monkeys sub groups
cercopithecines
colobines
apes sub groups
large apes
small apes
haplorrhine aspect
- haplor= simple nose
- dry nose
- mostly vision > olfaction (tarsiers and owlmonkeys exeption) (diurnal)
- social (exept orangutan)
- eyes surrounded by bone
anthropoid aspects
larger brains
distinct brain achitecture
platyrhinne aspects
flat nose
round nostrils
catarrhine aspects
downward facing nose
comma-shaped nostrils
taxonomic suffixes
subfamily= -nae family= -dea superfamily= -oidea
new world monkeys sub groups
atelids
cebids
callitridics
old world monkey subroupds
cercopithecines
colobines
apes sub groups
small apes
great apees
atelid examples
howler monkeys
spider monkeys
muriqui
cebid examples
capuchins
squirrel moneys
callitridichd example
marmosets
tamarins
cercopithecine examples
macaque guenon baboon gelada mandrill
colobine example
b+ w colobus
prooviscus monkey
langur
sub nosed monkeys
small apes example
gibbon
great apes
orangutan gorilla chimp bonobo humans
systematics?
construction of phylogeneis
taxonomies?
USE of phylogenies in naming and classification
darwin classification
‘tree of life’ hierarchy of animals
what does the hominoid clade share
no tail
unspecialized digestive system
pentadactyle limbs
role of phylogeneitc reconstruction?
- identifying and classifying organisms (taxonomy)
- establishing phylogenetic relationships
- explaining why some species adapted traits and not others
- morphological features explained
example of a convergent trait in hominoids
old belief= chimps + gorillas closer related due to knuckle walking locomotions
new belief= this evolved indepdenetly/humans loss the trait= hence humans and chimps closer related
shared environment effects…
analogy and phenetic features
e..g wings of flying animals
common acnestry causes..
homolougs features
clades
e.g. pentadactl mammal limbs
