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Primate Study (Actual) > Conservation > Flashcards

Conservation Flashcards

1
Q

name some threats to primates

A
  • habitat destruction (i.e. deforestation, burning, selective logging)
  • hunting pressures
  • biomedical research
  • zoos/poaching/bushmeat
  • climate change
  • industrial activities
  • zoonosis
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2
Q

what type of primate is more at risk

A

folivoourous primates due to low reproducition rates and habitat-reliance (higher population denesitieis)

frugiovorus in contrast have higher lower population densities

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3
Q

what is one primate adaptation response

A

guensons in congo drop to undergrowth now as opposed to trees when fleeing in canopy

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4
Q

what is one of the negative effects of having less primates?

A

lack of pollinators/dispereses= shit ecocystem

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5
Q

value of primates to humans/

A

understand HIV

understand our evolutionary history

play a key role in ecology

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6
Q

what type of primate has actually increased in response to deforestation

A

black macaques in logged forests= migrate to cities and predators are gone= increased population growth

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7
Q

poistive affect of selective logging on primates

A
  • creates caps in vegetations= results in heteregenous growth= variety of foods (proteins, fibre) is good for GENERALIST primates
    i. e. why brown colobus monkeys arent fine but red colobus are in Kibale National Park
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8
Q

why do hunting pressures increase with logging pressures

A

increased demand for workers for meat= logging raids remove forest to make it easier to hunt
- higher demand for bushmeat

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9
Q

affect of climate change

A

foods decline and ecocystem shift
seasonal breeding
increased fire risk
less rain fall

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10
Q

affect of disease on primates

A 
increased by climate change 
increaes zoonosis (hiv, etc) as apes more suspesitory to human respisatory diesaes

i.e. ebola killed 90% of lowland gorillas in 2004 congo

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11
Q

conservation policies type

A
  1. economic incentivies
  2. increase public awareness
  3. policy-making/NGO
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12
Q

primates that create agricultural damange?

A
  • japanese macaques

- long tailed macaques

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13
Q

sustainable forest management cons

A

costs of preservation usually not enough to actually work

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14
Q

ecotourism cons

A

is unreliable as itself is damaging/unpredictable (natural disasters, war)

increases zoonosis, humanization and pollution

humanization risk and animal welfare (mental health anad violence)

higher infanty mortailiy in zoos

nutrition issues (tourists feed)

cirvuziation

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15
Q

possible international incentive success?

A

debt exchange for conservation in international icnentivies like in costa rica

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16
Q

education pgorammes pros

A

stimulate conservation
research

e.g. roots and shoots foundation

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17
Q

what do ngos do?

A

influence policy making
increase reserach
support conservation
engage in sponsership for local initiatives 9IUCN )
pool information toeter for access/awareness
factiliate dialouge with government

18
Q

what happens to displaced primates?

A
  1. rescue
  2. translocation
  3. rehabillitation
  4. release
19
Q

ethical considerations of release sites

A

tend to be far away from human settlements with natural resources

(issue when little habitat left + how to protect the land)

issue of WHERE to release (speciation?)

20
Q

transolation

A

when wild adults enter a human space and local authoriies/ngos dart, net and health check the animal and place them back to their space (displaced animals)

21
Q

release sites?

A

special protected natural habitat where they are release

22
Q

rehabillitation

A

process of helping primates recover and gain surivval skills and then slowly reintegrating them into their natural habitat

23
Q

commonly displaced primates?

A 
macaques
gibbons 
lorises
howler monkeys 
orangutatns
24
Q

issues in sumatra + borneo

A 
high deforestation (industry, mining, palm oil)
high habitat destruction
palm oil 
fire and industrial agriculture
hunting
pet trade
poach
zoo trade
25
Q

palm oil: approaches?

A

in many common prouducts (EU CHINA INdia)

  1. boycott
  2. sustainable palm oil
26
Q

why is hunting less in sumatra

A

islamic taboo of eatinb bushmeat

27
Q

why are orangutatns traded

A

seen as a status symbol in HR officials

human-wildlife conflict (i.e. displaced primates in palm oil plantations)

28
Q

orangutatn habitats

A

rain forests

peat forests

29
Q

types of orangutans

A

pongo pygmaes (bornean)

pongo abelii (sumatran)

pongo tapanulerisis (Bathan Toro)

30
Q

tracking ethical issues

A

difficult
expensive
means that normally its difficult to ‘track’ surivval success of released primates

31
Q

orangutatn release considerations

A

competition vs overcrowding vs reproductive needs

with limited territory;
where to release without disrupting orangutan social structure? (they are territorial/have their own areas)
where to release where there ARENT alreayd orangutants there?

acceptability to release different species in an area? (purity conservation: borenan vs sumatran)

32
Q

pros of ecotourism

A

education
outreach
awareness
gives economic value to orangutans and allows for funding

33
Q

funding ethics

A

centres are underfunded

thus is it ok to accept money from palm oil companies as it delegates their responsbility

34
Q

‘unreleasable’ ethics

A
  • danger, disease, disaability and social behaviour; should these be euthanized or money be spent on keeping them in zoos/alive/further rehab?
35
Q

great ape project

A

by peter singer and paola cavalieri; aims to gain apes with basic personhood rights

  • -> against speciciem
  • -> employes the use of ‘guardians’ to speak as legal safegurads for primates (like with infants/disablied people)
  • -> sees human expansion of equality as a historical process (UN declaration of human rights, sivil rights slavery)

–> wants to get rid of animal experimitation and attribute personhood rights (right to life, liberty and prohibition of torture)

36
Q

orion o’neill and deontological anthropocentrism

A

an instrumentalist approach; humans are the primary subjects but its in their interests to pursue and preserev a good ecoyststem;

37
Q

mark sagoff 1984 quote

A

‘environmentalista cant be animal liberationists and animal liberationstis cant be environmentalists’

38
Q

peter singer + animal liberation 1975

A

deontological theory; rejects specisicms

sees an individual as having rights base don capacity to suffer

39
Q

aldo leopold and land ethic

A

utaliitarian/consequentalist theory; holistic value of the biotic community (1999)

humans have a moral responsibile to natural world BALANCE

40
Q

hill and webber 2010: naturalistic fallacy quote

A

primate behaviour is often meaured with the same moral/social frameworks as humans where boundaries are progressed and they are subjected to human cultural norms

41
Q

humanists

A

restrict personhood to humans

42
Q

post-humanists

A

give personhood to animals based on their sentience, agency and complex cognititon skills

Primate Study (Actual) (32 decks)

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