meat eating Flashcards
who studied chimps eating meat
jane goodall
craig b. stanford
% that meat makes up of a diet
3
stanfords observation on meat huntign
- most hunts are social/cooperative
- hunting is seasonal (hunting crazes)
- hunting is a polsitical tool for fominance and group membership
debate on chimp hunting rols
are they smart enough to have a mentally coherent goals/switch goals?
what does cooperative hunting demonstrate
ability to be aware of another persons actions and roles (like in lion, hyenes); a sign of social intelligence and ‘mind readning’
in tai national aprk; chimps take role of ‘driver’ or ‘ambusher’ switching
why do social relationships need a ‘keen mind’
- sharere must have sharp memeory to remember networks
2. sharing key resource results in escalation of brain size/cognitive advances/fool
standfords hypothesis
hunting drives social intelligence
examples of other primates that eat meat
capuchins eqat squireels
baboons eat hare/antelopes
how much meat has been detected in chimsp
3% but
35 diffeent vertebrate sepcies such as the , pigs, antelopes and red colobus (80%)
chimp spciety
fission fussion poligytny
temporary subgroundings
parties; vary in size according to abundance/distrubtion of food and estrous females
Hunts in chimp society
are mainly social
more cooperation= greater succes rates
tends to be seasonal
dont obtain food from scavening= implies hunting has a social role
hunting crazes= stanford finds…
that the size of chimp foraging parties relates to the hunting frequency/success rate
hunting binges occur= when fmale sexual swellings are largest
why do chimps hunt
- nutrition
2. sociality
Geza Teleki Hypothesis on hunting
it is a strong social basis:
1. males can show off
Wrangham conclusion on hunting
- its nutristionally based
Toshisada Nishida findings
in mahale mountains= meat a political tool to witheld rivals and give to allies (might trade sex for food infemales_
EARLIST hominins
- most were eating meat opportunistically (scavenging)
- females also involved in scaveninging
= females are active startegists that male try to gain favour from - meat became a way to control women (as its a highl valued food resource); sexual division of lavour allowed men to take patricarchical control/manipulate females
why is hunting not linked to neocortex ratio
as other mammals (eagles, lions) also have social hunting= analagous
but COOPERATIVE hunting is.
how is hunting in chimps political
- chimps will hunt even when other food (palm nuts) are available due to social function
- males use meat to secure political alliances
- attract estrous females
- show ‘off’ dominance
- kinship strengthen/support
why do bonobos hunt less than chimps
- female dominance= they control the meat
= hence dont recieve nutristional benefits that elimiantes incentive - are les aggresive hunters (different field conditions as well) and sexual equality
- chimps= hierarchical= adult males dominant= hence social incentive to figure out how to climb up dominance hierarchy by meat sharing/hunting
= meat is partrical!
De Waal showed
captive chimps share food for grooming
