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Primate Study (Actual) > Mating Systems > Flashcards

Mating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

monoandry

A

1 male (monogamy and polygyny)

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2
Q

monogyny

A

1 female (monogamy and polyandry)

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3
Q

polygamy

A

polygyny
polyandry
polygynandry

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4
Q

types of mating seystems

A

monogamy
polygyny
polyandry
polygynandry

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5
Q

types of sexual selection

A

intrasexual

intersexual

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6
Q

intrasexual

A

competition among sex for mate

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7
Q

intersexual

A

competition for the choice of the mate

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8
Q

primate mating systems

A

number of breeding males and females in a group

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9
Q

bruce effect

A

when females terminate their pregnancy after exposure to unfamillair male

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10
Q

example of primates with bruce effect

A

wild geladas
humans
langurs
pregnant mice

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11
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics

A

those physical characteristics that differentiate male and female individuals that are not directly related to reproduction and usually appear at sexual maturity; these include hair growth and coloration as well as body size and muscle development

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12
Q

Sexual selection theory

A

bodies–> shaped by conspecifics

individuals are able to attract more mates by being more attractive to individuals of the opposite sex;

this attractiveness is based on physical characteristics that may be also linked to social dominance or overall health

(secondary traits selected for to gain mates attention)

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13
Q

estrus

A

when fertilization occurs in females

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14
Q

natural selection

A

bodies shaped by outside forces like climate/ecology/predators/etc.

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15
Q

somatic selection

A

factors determining body SIZE
assosciated with male competition

(darwin)

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16
Q

internal selection mechanisms

A
  1. roger short: genital selection
  2. cryptic female choice
  3. sperm competition
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17
Q

cryptic female choice

A

west-eberhard; effect of female genital tract on sperm

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18
Q

sperm competition

A

ability of male sperm to reach female ovum

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19
Q

grouping system…

A

who lives with whom

20
Q

mating system…

A

who mates with whom

21
Q

breeding system..

A

who reproduces with whom

22
Q

coitus

A

lenght of copulation

23
Q

monogamy body size

A

equal (monomorphic)

24
Q

polygnous body size

A

males MUCH bigger than females

25
Q

polygyandrous body size

A

males somewhat bigger than females (mild sexual dimorphism)

26
Q

polyandrous body size

A

females bigger than males

27
Q

in what mating systems do sexual swellings occur

A

polygyandrous systems

at times in polyandries

28
Q

where is coitus long

A

moogamy and polygyny

29
Q

example of sexual monomorphism

A

gibbons

marmosets (high paternity certainy and parental investment)

30
Q

why are males bigger than females sometimes

A

high male to male competition
to dominant females
(in polygnous and polygyandrous systems)

31
Q

why do female barbarcy macaques + baboons produce sexual swellings

A
  1. attract males

2. showcase ovulation

32
Q

effects of sexual swellings

A
  1. high energy to create them (add to body weight)

2. variances of size/colour/shape= indicate evolutionary fitness

33
Q

role of testes size

A
  1. for post-copulatory compeititon (sperm compeitiont for paternity likelihood)
  2. big balls= high energy cost to manintain but more effective; more in polygynadrous/polyandrous societies
  3. small balls- in polygynous as males have more choice (picky); thus want to reduce female aggrssion and energy costs of having big teseticles
34
Q

polyandrous grouping composition of infants

A

one male series all infants and suborindate males remain to help alpha males kind to reproduce

35
Q

possible strategy for a male when there is a female solitary

A
  1. join with female + exclude others (monogamy)
  2. repel invaidators in territory where solitary female is
  3. join with other males and raise one female offspring (allomothering)
  4. ally with other males to defned several scattered females (brother bads)
36
Q

where are extended matrillines found

A

in macaques and muriquis (old world monkeys)

37
Q

why do matrillines exist

A

increased protection and surivval

shared parenting

38
Q

matrillines

A

a group all related by the female lineage

39
Q

old world monkeys; common group structure?

A

The classic story with old world monkeys is that they’re like most mammals in that it’s the males who disperse and the females who remain in their natal group.

You get a female bonded social organization. There are several matrilines in a group. (Matrilines are females who are all related through their maternal lines.)

The males who are there are immigrants or are juveniles who haven’t emigrated yet.

The females form the social core of the group and they have a stable dominance hierarchy. (The male dominance hierarchies are usually really volatile.)

40
Q

male to male competition for mattrilinez…affected by…

A

is very high and affected by:
1. size/cohesion of female group (determien whether only 1 male has access)

  1. reproductive synchroncy
41
Q

challenges for males trying to access a group of females

A
  1. overcome resistance of present males (dominace hirarchies)
  2. female coopertaion
  3. intergroup encounters
42
Q

extra group copulations definition

A

when non-group members compete with in group members for sex; resulting in females resieving indirect benefits, such as disease resitance genes, by mating with outsiders and insiders trying to male guard females

43
Q

seasonal metapormisis

A

when males gain seasonal size changes (hair, testes) for sperm competition and start becomign more aggresive (teststonerone, cortisol levels, spermatogensis)

creates ‘fatted alphan males’

44
Q

where does seasonal metamophirissi occur

A

central american squirrel monkeys
sifakas
capuchins

45
Q

seasonal dominance hierarhcies

A

seasonal aggression in males to when females are in breeding sseaon

Primate Study (Actual) (32 decks)

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