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Primate Study (Actual) > Monogamy > Flashcards

Monogamy Flashcards

1
Q

examples of monogamy in primates

A

gibbons!

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2
Q

case study

A

sommer-reichard 1999: white handed gibbons in thailand

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3
Q

traditional view of monogamy

A

male + female + offspring:

  1. strict territortality
  2. pair formation by natal dispersal
  3. life long mongaomy
  4. monogamy exclusivity
  5. nuclear familities
  6. pairbonded
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4
Q

revised view of monogamy in gibbons

A

not 100% monogamous (just pair-bonded)but

  1. extracopulations occur
  2. divorces occur
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5
Q

what are gibbon social structures driven by

A

female resource compeititon (CONTEST; are fruit eaters)

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6
Q

hypothesis of mongamy in primates

A
  1. male mate guarding technique
    a. improve own reproductive success
    b. prevent extra-copulation
    c. paternity certainity
  2. infanticide protection
  3. for secondary paternal care
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7
Q

most probably theory of mongamy

A

reduce infanticide= allow extended developmental period of child crucial for big brains

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8
Q

primatologists studying monogamy

A

opie 2013

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9
Q

when is monogamy likely to devvelop

A

when males can defend patches with equaly quality of resources (food, shelter, etc) meaning mate guarding is easier as environmental reasons doesnt influence female choice

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10
Q

how do male gibbons guard their mates

A

remain in proximity
chase away others
attract females (by parental investment)

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11
Q

hypothesis of monogamy in mammals

A
  • male to male mate guarrding strategy
  • infanticide protection
  • secondary paternal care
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12
Q

origins of mongamy

A

long lactation periods due to altricial infants= need more protection= need more bi-parental care to speed up lcation and reduce infanticide

hence; polygyandry—> social monogamy evolved

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13
Q

dispersal effect on mongamy

A

if females occupy small areas and are dispresed from one another; hard for males to monopolize all of them= hence just guard ONE

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14
Q

most probably theory for mongamy according to opie

A

infanticide risks; mongamy stops this which allows for extended brain development

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15
Q

female pros of monogamy

A

ally for food access
infant care= increased own RS
defense
security

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16
Q

where are the gibbons

A

in Khao Yai (thainland rainforest)

17
Q

traditional view of gibbon social structures

A
  1. livei n nuclear familes
  2. breeding pair are lifelong sexually monogamous
  3. are territorial
  4. they sing to defent territort
  5. dueting functions to strengthen pair bond
18
Q

revision of gibbon social structures

A
  • group ranges overlap so mutual territory not exclusive
  • partners changes/epc exist
  • Dueting/singing functions as a way for females to advertise themselves and males to say that they are taken
19
Q

competing hypothesis for monogamy

A
  1. guarding against infanticide
  2. mate guarding
  3. reduce predation risk
  4. defend an exclusive rsource
  5. biparental care
20
Q

conditions of guarding against infanticide hypothesis

A
  1. no strict sesaonltiy
  2. long birth intereveals/lactiaonal ammherorea casued by altriciality
  3. young not hidden in nests
21
Q

evidence for infanticide-monogamy hypothesis (opie)

A
  1. dueting: dissccourages strange males to trespass
  2. absence of mate; female will stop calling when shes vulnerable to infanticide
  3. females wary of male intruders= less willing to get involved in terrotirial encounters if they had an infant or not
  4. high male infanticide is the onlt trait to consisstent precede apperance of social monogamy, as both parents need to be there to defened child and shortened lacation reduces infanticide likehilood (opie 2013)
22
Q

evidence against infanticide hypothesis (sommer and Reichard)

A
  1. gibbons= calling sometimes transforms into triot with immature males/females (sommer, reichard)
  2. duetting= might be a way to check for male fitness rahter than reinforce monogamy
23
Q

mate guarding hypothesis explanation

A

males= cant defend a large enough area to encompass the range of more than one female

caused by female dispersion due to/and resource competition

24
Q

predator risk hypothesis explanation

A

male vigiliance allows mates to concentrate on feeding= thus more offspring are produced (RS increases)

25
Q

resource defense hypothesis explanation

A

male defends territory against other individuasl for female

26
Q

bi parental care hypothesis explanation

A

if high costs of raiing offspring= females need extra help

new world primates; tamarins and marmosets

27
Q

mate guarding hypothesis evidence against

A

Shaik and Dunbar: gibbon males help gain more conceptions if they opt to just find as many females as possible (EPC)

28
Q

predator risk hypothesis evidence against

A

differences in feeding times between males and females insgifiancant

29
Q

resource defense hypothesis evidence against

A
  • territortires might overlap
  • territories dont decrease in size after male death (shaik and dunbar 1990)
  • gibbons exhibit all characteristics of non territorial primates
30
Q

bi parental care hypothesis evidence against

A

paternal care follows apperance of social monogamy rather than preceding it: as not all socially monogamous mammals have it (opie 2013)

Primate Study (Actual) (32 decks)

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