Hominoids (Apes) Flashcards
classiffy
haplor–> anthropoidea–> catar
sub groups
large apes and small apes
large apes
humans orangutans gorillas chimps bonobo
small apes
gibbons
other name
hominoidea
hominidae
great (large) apes
hylobatida
gibbons (hylobates; small apes)
Homo?
humans
pan?
chimps
pongo?
orangutans
gorillini?
gorillaa
aspects of small apes
weight less than 12 kg
gibbons and siamangs (black gibbon)
location of small apes
- indonesia, thailand, malaysia
- india, china
large ape weight range
30-100 kg
location of oranguatans
boreno and sumatra
special feature of apes?
no tails!
GORILLA LOCOMOTION
knuckle walkers
quadrupedalism
gibbon locomotion
suspensory locomotion and brarchiation (true brachiators as dont use tail)
quadromaneous climbers
humans
bipedalism
chimps
bipedalism
quadrupedalism
knuckle walking
chimp location
Equatuatorial africa southern senegal Congo Tanzania Uganada Guinea
(western africa/center)
gorilla location
central + west-central africa
bonobo location
central africa (Congo)
gibbon location
south east asia
orangutan location
boreno and sumatra (indonesia)
sexual biology: gibbons?
sexual monomorphism (1:1 body size)
sometimes have anogenital swellings
medium testes size
long coitius duration (1 m)
monogamous
sexual biology: orangutans?
sexual dimorphism: (F49%)
no anogenital swellings
small testes size
long coitus duration (10 minutes)
polygynous
sexual biology: gorillas?
sexual dimorphism (F48%)
no anogenital swellings
small testes size (smallest)
long coitus duration (1.5 minutes)
polygynous system
sexual biology: chimps and bonobos?
some sexual dimorphism (F73%)
yes anogenital swellings
large testes (biggest)
short coitus (7 sec)
polygyandrous
sexual biology: humans?
some sexual dimorphism (F82%) no anogenital swellings medium testes long coitus (2-10 minutes) mix of monogamous/polygyandrous systems (but varies as well)
gibbon explain
southeastern asian brachiators dispresed females overlapping home terriorities monomorphic skylls extended song ability and large throat sacs mate guarding exists
oranguatns special
arboreal and disperesed in east asia
some males not large:
two types (dominant cheek headed males and sub-adult ‘arrested development’ males)
mating poistions of orangutans
hanging from trees or doggy style (ventral-dorsal)
gibbbon mating style
face to face
gorilla mating styles
doggy style and missionary posittion
gorilla special
no food competition (as terrestial herbeavous vegetation) bachelor pads (homosexual sex)
why do chimps need big penises
to penetrate female anogenital swelling
competition against other chimps (as its a polygynandrous system)
