panthropoology; culture in chimps

Question 1

who studied chimps

Answer 1

anthony whitteen in 1999 in Tai and Kibable and Gashaka Troops (looked at variation of chimp populations)

Question 2

raindancing

Answer 2

whitten found that 5/6 study sites exept guinea do rain dancing

Question 3

sexual intiation types variance

Answer 3

1= leaf rasping
2= exhibitionist (heel pounding)

Question 4

water and chimps

Answer 4

some are hydrophobic; others are hydrophillic

Question 5

examples of arbitrary chimp culture

Answer 5

fur necklases
feather behind ear
backetball with stones

Question 6

examples of chimps; going against ‘purist’ view

Answer 6

leathal raiding (like human warefare) among chimps

Question 7

nigerian vs tanzanian chimps

Answer 7

in nigeria; they eat ants but not termintes

in tanzania; they eat termites but not ants

Question 8

ant-fishing variation

Answer 8

concerns the tools:
1. when more aggresive ants= two handed pull and swipe with a long stick

2. when less aggresive ants= the one handed stick it in the mouth technique

Question 9

self medication

Answer 9

in chimps; eat leaves to get rid of parasites

Question 10

grooming variations

Answer 10

type a: hand holding/wrist overlapy

type b; just normal, recioprocal groopming

Question 11

what makes apes special (social learning wise)

Answer 11

they can both use social learning but also figure thigns out themselves:

1. can infer when object is hidden when proces of hiding has been observed and can carry tools to an area of resource locaiton (Object-task relation)

Question 12

emil menzel 1979 stdied what

Answer 12

leadership and communication in chimps: looked at how chimps explored/associated with objects to demonstrate deception ability to improve own feeding rate

Question 13

menzels food location experiment

Answer 13

the ‘delayed response test’: asses leadership role of an individual

design: only one individual given clue to where an object is: goal of al lchimps is to find the object

contorl; alternatiting trials in some where no animal was shown where the food was

result; leader chimps always lead group to food and faster when shown food

Question 14

menzels food quality experiment

Answer 14

delayed response test; but with TWO TYPES of food shown (fruit and vegetabls; good and bad)

two leaders assigned (one high ranking and one low ranking)

normally everyone followed the high ranking leader unless the low ranking individual knew where the QUALITY fodo was

Question 15

menzels dominance and food experiment

Answer 15

belle= a female chimp that manipulates a dominant male to avoid being harrased (uses deception)

strategies shown:
she slows down while leading group to food

she goes in wrong direction while leading group to food (and then turns back to get her own share before others realize)

she refuses to lead at all and just sits

Question 16

primate archeaology

Answer 16

looks as past/present matieral record of primates and uses an evolutionary framework to infer environment/social contexts of their behaviour

Question 17

who proposes primate archeology should be a thing

Answer 17

haslam 2009

Question 18

what are tools useful for?

Answer 18

1. overcome body limits

2. make tasks easier

Question 19

parallel evolution example of tool use

Answer 19

South American bearded capuchins do but wild bonobos don’t

Question 20

stone vs wood

Answer 20

1. potential to form margins when fractured

2. the degree of control reflects motor skills/cognitive capacity

Question 21

examples of stone use in primates

Answer 21

1. chimps + capuchins: hammer and anvil

2. long tailed macaques; crack mollusks and crabs on island