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OBSTETRICS > Preconceptional Care > Flashcards

Preconceptional Care Flashcards

1
Q

when should preconceptional phase be considered?

A

at 26 weeks or 5-6 months before conception

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2
Q

when does the most active phase of of ovarian follicular development commence?

A

around 14 weeks preconception

this is called the preconceptional period

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3
Q

“a set of
interventions that aim to identify and modify biomedical,
behavioral, and social risks to a woman’s health or
pregnancy outcome through prevention and
management.

A

preconceptional care

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4
Q

ultimate aim of preconceptional care?

A

improve maternal and child health in both long term and short term

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5
Q

best time for pre pregnancy counseling

A

the time a reproductive aged patient is currently using contraception or planning pregnancy

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6
Q

Accdg to ACOG when should women be counseled to seek medical care for preconception?

A

before attempting to become pregnanct or as soon as they believe they are pregnant

purpose is to establish correct gestational age and to monitor medical conditions

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7
Q

What age group when pregnant is most prone to iron deficiency?

A

adolescents

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8
Q

Maternal undernutrition is prevalent among what age group?

A

Vey young and advanced age

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9
Q

Most common type of maternal undernutrition in the philippines

A

iron deficiency anemia

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10
Q

Preconceptional care only involves the women related to preconceptional health? t or f

A

False

men and women

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11
Q

fundamental aspect of pre pregnancy counselling

A

Family planning

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12
Q

Using this drug is recommended to prevent pre eclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss and unexplained fetal death from recurring

A

Low Dose Aspirin

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13
Q

Medications used during pregnancy should be?

A

of the lowest effective dose of the safest medication

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14
Q

most thorough method for obtaining family history as part of genetic screening?

A

Pedigree method with symbols

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15
Q

those with genetic disease should be referred to a?

A

geneticist

for counseling

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16
Q

this is available to determine a
patient’s carrier status for some autosomal
recessive conditions

A

genetic testing

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17
Q

most common fetal structural fetal malformation

A

cardiac anomalies (TOF etc)

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18
Q

second most common fetal structural malformation?

A

Neural tube defects

seen in diabetic patients

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19
Q

Neural tube defect is associate with what gene mutation?

A

667T substitution in the gene that encodes methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase

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20
Q

What can be done to prevent neural tube defects?

A

Preconceptional folic acid therapy

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21
Q

is an example of a disease in which
the fetus is not at risk to inherit the disorder, but
may be damaged by maternal disease

A

Phenylketonuria

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22
Q

recommendation for patients with phenyketonuria?

A

Phenylalanine levels to be normalized 3 months before pregnancy and maintained throughout the pregnancy

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23
Q

complications of PKU?

A 
Spontaneous abortion
mental retardation
microcephaly
congenital heart disease 
fetal growth restriction
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24
Q

most common single gene disorder worldwide

A

Thalassemia

globin chain synthesis disorder
can cause bleeding and anemia to the mother

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25
Q

Ashkenazi Jewish communities are at risk of?

A

autosomal recessive diseases (tay sachs, canavan, cystic fibrosis, fanconi anemia, NPD type A, mucolipidosis, Bloom syndrome, gaucher type 1)

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26
Q

what kind of vaccine are not recommended during pregnancy?

A

Live vaccines

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27
Q

which vaccine should be offered to all women at high risk?

A

Hepatitis B

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28
Q

women with unknown Tdap vaccination should receive how many doses?

A

single dose

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29
Q

Tdap vaccine should be given to all women during when regardless of prepregnancy immunization history?

A

27-36 weeks

30
Q

which vaccine can give protective cocooning to the infant

A

Tdap

gives atleast 1-2 months of passive immunity

31
Q

We can give HPV vaccine during pregnancy? t or f?

A

false

32
Q

when should we give rubella and varicella vaccination pre pregnancy?

A

at least 28 days before pregnancy or after delivery if not previously given

33
Q

if a women receive a live attenuated vaccine, how many months should she delay pregnancy?

A

1 months

34
Q

when should a women planning to get pregnant start getting vaccinated?

A

before getting pregnant

35
Q

for vaccines that need 2 doses, how many months should we advice to delay the pregnancy?

A

2 months

36
Q

Screening for gonorrhea, chlamydial infection,

syphilis, and HIV should be done based on

A

patient’s risk factor

37
Q

What virus can cause microencephaly?

A

Zika Virus

38
Q

what should be the goal of a woman with HIV before getting pregnant?

A

goal of a suppressed plasma viral load
to an undetectable level before achieving
getting pregnant.

39
Q

What is the safest way to get pregnant without transmission of the virus to the partner who is HIV-negative

A

artificial insemination

40
Q

This may be beneficial in reducing risk of transmission to HIV uninfected partners?

A

Pre-pregnancy PrEP with anti retrovirals

41
Q

what complications can smoking cause in a pregnant women and her child?

A

mother- miscarriage

child - bronchial asthma, child obesity, infantile colic

42
Q

What is the safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy?

A

there is no safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy

43
Q

What is the most sever result of of drinking during pregnancy and are
associated with central nervous system (CNS)
abnormalities, growth defects, and facial
dysmorphism

A

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

44
Q

What ages of gestation can be affected by alcohol drinking?

A

All ages of gestation

45
Q

alcohol related birth defects include?

A

growth deformities, facial abnormalities CNS
impairment, behavioral disorders impaired
intellectual development.

46
Q

includes a range of behavior that
a partner may use related to sexual decisionmaking to pressure another person to
have sexual intercourse without using physical
force such as sabotage of contraceptive methods,
pregnancy coercion, and pregnancy pressure

A

Sexual coercion

47
Q

during pregnancy, RDA for vitamins are met except?

A

folic acid an iron

48
Q

during pregnancy RDA for minerals are met except?

A

iodine and iron

49
Q

those with malabsorptive GI diseases, bariatric surgery and those on vegan diet benefit from?

A

Multivitamin supplementation

50
Q

For women of low- risk, supplementation with __ of folic acid is adequate

A

400mcg/ day

51
Q

Patients at increased risk for NTDs, including
women with a prior pregnancy with an NTD or
women with seizure disorders, should be advised
to take

A

4mg folic acid per day

52
Q

Women of reproductive age are at risk for iron

deficiency with or without anemia because of the

A

menstrual losses

53
Q

Apart from weakness, easy fatigability, difficulty of
breathing with severe cases of iron deficiency
anemia, patients in the reproductive age who are
iron-deficient may suffer from

A

poor cognition and

concentration

54
Q

WHO recommends receiving iron ____ for menstruating
adult women and adolescents esp those who are
living in settings where anemia is prevalent

A

30-60 mg of elemental iron per day, 5 days a

week

55
Q

Poor folate status during pregnancy is associated with?

A
  • abruptio placentae
  • pre-eclampsia
  • spontaneous abortion
  • congenital heart defects
  • preterm delivery, stillbirth
  • low birth weight
56
Q

Effects of Maternal Anemia During Pregnancy:

A
  • Preeclampsia
  • Postpartum hemorrhage
  • Low birth weight
  • Preterm birth1
57
Q

During pregnancy, supplementation of at least _____ is recommended to achieve
the RDA

A

27 mg of elemental iron

58
Q

What is recommended by WHO for post partum women for reducing the risk of
anemia in settings anemia is of public health
concern applicable to all postpartum women,
regardless if they are breastfeeding or not.

A

oral iron supplementation,

either alone or in combination with folic acid for 6-12 weeks after delivery

59
Q

abnormal, high or low BMI is associated with

A

infertility and maternal

and fetal pregnancy complications

60
Q

Weights should be optimized

A

before a

woman attempts to becoming pregnant

61
Q

ACOG recommends that patients should perform

moderate exercises, at least

A

30 minutes a day, 5

days a week, for a minimum of 150 minutes

62
Q

examples of ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals

A

Parabens, phthalates, BPA’s

63
Q

Man-made chemicals that can alter hormonal
responses to physiologic processes such as
reproduction and immune system. They have the capability to mimic, block or interfere
with our own hormones, hence, altering the normal
physiological processes.

A

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS (EDC’s

64
Q

Everyday endocrine disruptors

A

Cookware (tefal)

  • Scented candles/fragrances
  • Cosmetics
  • Cleaning supplies
  • Plastic water bottles
  • Hair spray/shampoo
65
Q

this may y directly damage spermatozoa,
alter Sertoli cell or Leydig cell function or disrupt
the endocrine function in any stage of hormonal
regulation.

A

pesticides

66
Q

exposure to this has been shown to

affect sperm motility

A

Heavy metals

67
Q

it affects the
ovary by reducing ovarian weight, follicle growth
and oocyte viability and /or increasing atresia

A

Organophosphates

68
Q

also show reduced

fertility and increased fetal loss in women

A

pesticides

69
Q

associated with decreased
mature oocytes and oocyte yield following
ovarian stimulation

A

heavy metals

70
Q

causes women to have lower antral
follicle counts, shortened menstrual cycles,
decreased estradiol

A

parabens

71
Q

tissues most affected by high phenylalanine levels

A

cardiac and neural tissues

OBSTETRICS (36 decks)

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