2P - Placental Abnormalities Flashcards by Medicine Files

The basal plate lies against the uterine wall which is divided into portions by what?

Cotyledons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the fetal surface of the placenta where the umbilical cord inserts?

Chorionic plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What variant of the placenta has one or more disparately smaller accessory lobes?

Succenturiate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which variants of the placenta poses a higher risk for hemorrhage due to formation of previa?

Succenturiate and membranacea

Succenturiate is more significant with fetal hemorrhage, uterine atony, hemorrhage and endometritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This variant of placenta is characterized by having a ring shape?

Placenta membranaceae

antepartum and
postpartum hemorrhage and fetal growth restriction.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

variant of placenta where Central portion of a placental disc is missing?

Placenta fenestrata

common defect - only involves villous tissues;

rare defect - Actual hole in the placenta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This placental abnormality is characterized as a placenta thicker than 40mm and May be secondary to maternal diabetes or severe
maternal anemia, or to fetal hydrops, anemia, or infection
caused by syphilis, toxoplasmosis, parvovirus, or
cytomegalovirus?

Placentomegaly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This condition happens when the chorionic plate fails to extend to its periphery?

Extrachoral placentation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This extrachoral placentation is characterized sonographically by double fold can be seen as a thick,
linear band of echoes extending from one placental edge
to the other?

Circumvallate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This extrachoral placentation is associated with increased risk for antepartum bleeding,
abruption, fetal demise, and preterm birth.

Circumvallate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This extrachoral placentation is shown with Fibrin and old hemorrhage lie between the placenta and
the overlying sheer amniochorion

Circummarginate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This maternal placental blood flow disruption is Caused by slowing of maternal blood flow within theintervillous space?`

Subchorionic firbin deposition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This maternal placental blood flow disruption is caused by Stasis of maternal blood flow around an individual villus and results in fibrin deposition and can lead to
diminished villous oxygenation and necrosis of
syncytiotrophoblast

Pervillous fibrin deposition

Cross section: small, yellow-white placental nodules
are within the parenchyma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the extreme form of perivillous fibrin deposition

Maternal floor infarction

Thick, yellow or white, rim with corrugated surface
that impedes normal maternal blood flow into the
intervillous space

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An intervillous thrombus which is colored red is recent or old?

Recent

White-yellow: older
Intervillous thrombus is Not associated with adverse fetal sequelae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1st week of placental hematoma appear?

Hyper or isoechoic

1-2 weeks: hypoechoic
After 2 wks: anechoic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What placental hematoma is also called as subchorionic hemorrhage

marginal hematoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hematoma between the placenta and its adjacent decidua?

Retroplacental hematoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Also called as Breus mole or massive subchorionic hematoma?

Subchorial thrombus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fetal blood flow disruption where affected portions of the placenta become non functional and the affected parts are mostly the villi, This is mainly caused by preeclampsia?

Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fetal blood flow disruption most commonly occurring during the third stage of labor when cord traction ruptures a vessel near the cord insertion?

Subamnionic hematoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Condition wherein there is § Increased number of capillaries within terminal
villi?

Chorangiosis

Requires ≥ 10 capillaries to be present in ≥ 10
villi in ≥10 fields viewed through a 10x
microscopic lens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Increased capillary number in stem villi, but

terminal villi are spared

Chorangiomatosis

Linked with fetal-growth restriction and
anomalies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calcium salts, when present in placenta are most commonly seen where?

Basal plate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Grading of placenta? Placenta is homogenous, flat, smooth with no calcifications

Grade 0

Placental grading? Placenta has echogenic stippling at the basal plate

Grade 2

Placental grading? Placenta has scattered echogenicities and subtle chorionic plate

Grade 1

Placental grading? Placenta has echogenic indentations from the chorionic plate to the basal plate which create discrete components that resemble cotyledons. Basal plate densities also increased

Grade 3

Patient has a well circumscribed, rounded hypoechoic lesion near the chorionic plate and protruding into the amnionic cavity. What is the diagnosis?

Chorioangioma

What sized of chorioangioma can can symptoms start to show?

4 cm

What are the sequelaes of chorioangioma?

hydramnios, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction

What tumor marker is increased in chorioangioma?

MSAFP

What cardiac sequelae can result from chorioangioma?

fetal heart failure treated with digoxin

Tumor metastasis towards the fetus is common? T or F?

False. Usually confined to the intervillous space

Most common metastatic tumor to the placenta altho still rare?

Melanoma

Chorioamnionitis usual routes of infection are ascending or descending?

Ascending

How many hours post rupture will the fetus be considered septic?

12 hours

What prevents the ascending infection of the upper reproductive tract of a woman?

Mucus plug

Infection of the full thickness of the placental membranes is called?

Chorioamnionitis

Infection of the chorionic plate and the umbilical cord is called?

Funsitis

What is the gross indicator of infection of the placental membranes?

Clouding of membranes

Placental lesion consisting of numerous small, light tan nodules on amnion that overlies the placenta and is considered hallmark of prolonged and severe oligohydramnios?

Amnion Nodosum

This disruption in fetal development causes formation of strings that entrap the fetus and cause amputation?

Amnion bands; amniotic band syndrome

What is the umbilical cord length at delivery?

40-70 cm Cord length increases with increase in amniotic fluid volume and fetal mobility

Fetus with down syndrome has short cords or long cords?

Short cords

Fetus with macrosomia usually has what kind of umbilical cords?

Large diameter cords

This is the number of complete coils divided by the length of the cord in centimeters?

Umbilical cord index

Hypercoiling of the umbilcial cord is associated with?

Fetal demise

Hypocoiling of the umbilical cord is associated with?

IUGR and fetal acidosis and asphyxia

Most common aberration in umbilical vessel number?

Single umbilical cord artery caused by secondary atrophy of a previously normal umbilical artery

A single umbilical artery greatly increases what risk?

Aneuploidy Amniocentesis is recommended Most frequent anomalies are cardiovascular and genitourinary

A condition wherein there is a connection between two umbilical arteries within approximately 3 cm of the placental insertion of the cord?

Hyrtl Anastamosis Anastomosis acts as a pressure equalizing system between umbilical arteries

Epithelium-lined remnants of allantois and may | co-exist with a persistently patent urachus

True cyst

This may form from local degeneration of Wharton jelly

Pseudocyst

Cord insertion at placental margin is sometimes referred | to as a?

Battledore placenta Cord is normally inserted at or near center of fetal surface of the placenta Of little site normal, but umbilical vessel lose protective Wharton jelly shortly before insertion

Umbilical vessels spread within membranes at a distance from placental margin, which they reach surrounded only by a fold of amnion.

Velamentous insertion

During sonography, a hanging noose sign was seen? What is the diagnosis?

Cord knots

These are knots from focal redundancies of a vessel or Wharton jelly, with no clinical significance?

False knots

These knots are common among monoamniotic twins caused by active fetal movements?

True Knots

Focal narrowings of the diameter that usually develop near the fetal cord insertion site characterized by absence of Wharton jelly, stenosis or obliteration of cord and vessels at the narrow segment?

Stictures

Cord around the neck is called?

nuchal cord

This presentation occurs when the umbilical cord is the presenting part in labor ?

Funic presentation Associated with fetal malformation

Rare and generally follow rupture of an umbilical vessel, usually the vein, and bleeding into the Wharton jelly.

Cord hematoma

Umbilical cord vessel thrombosis are usually venous, arterial or both?

Venous

Marked focal dilatation that may develop within intra- amniotic part of umbilical vein or within its fetal intra- abdominal portion?

Umbilical vein varix increased rates of fetal demise, structural anomalies, and aneuploidy

Rare congenital thinning of vessel wall with diminished support from wharton jelly? Association with single umbilical artery, trisomy

Umbilical Artery Aneurysm