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OBSTETRICS > 1F - Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring > Flashcards

1F - Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

Intrapartum monitoring occurs during what time in pregnancy?

A

A patient is already in labor

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2
Q

Antepartum monitoring occurs during what time in pregnancy?

A

During prenatal checkups especially for high risk patients

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3
Q

What test assesses the CNS status of the baby?

A

Biophysical profile

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4
Q

What test assesses the cardiovascular status of the baby?

A

Doppler Velocimetry

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5
Q

Who proposed that listening to the heartbeat of the fetus would be clinically useful in differentiating fetal compromise from variations in fetal heart rate?

A

De Kergeradee

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6
Q

How many montevideo units indicates that the mother is already in labor?

A

200

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7
Q

What is the normal uterine activity?

A

<5 contractions in 10 minutes

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8
Q

What is tachysystole?

A

> 5 contractions in 10 minutes

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9
Q

What do we call tachysystole with FHR changes?

A

Hyperstimulation

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10
Q

what do we call tachysystole without FHR changes?

A

Hypertonus

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11
Q

What is the normal fetal heart rate?

A

110-160 bpm

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12
Q

What is a mild contraction based on ctg strip?

A

A contraction below 40

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13
Q

Variability includes accelerations and decelerations? T or F?

A

False

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14
Q

Long term variability is seen as oscillatory changes lasting for how many cycles per minute?

A

3-5 cycles

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15
Q

Good variability indicates compromised fetal heart and CNS functions? T or F?

A

False

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16
Q

What is normal variability?

A

5-25

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17
Q

A normal variability is also called as?

A

Moderate variability

18
Q

Absent variability indicates fetal compromise? T or F?

A

True

19
Q

What is minimal variability?

A

Less than 5 bpm

20
Q

If a patient experiences reduced variability with concomitant decelerations, what can be the cause?

A

Fetal hypoxia

21
Q

What is the single most reliable sign of fetal compromise or hypoxia?

A

Reduced fetal heart rate variability

22
Q

If the patient has reduced variability without decelerations or rise in FHR, what is the status for hypoxia?

A

Unlikely

23
Q

What is considered as pathologic variability?

A

> 25 bpm for 30 mins

24
Q

Fetal accelerations should not last more than how many minutes?

A

10 mins

25
Q

Define normal fetal accelerations?

A

15 bpm lasting for more than 15 secs but less than 10 minutes

26
Q

What is the fetal acceleration for preterm babies?

A

10 bpm lasting for 10 secs

27
Q

Define prolonged acceleration?

A

Accelerations lasting for more than 2 mins but less than 10 mins

28
Q

What do you call a fetal heart rate change of more than 10 mins?

A

Baseline change

Bradycardia or tachycardia

29
Q

Early deceleration is caused by?

A

Fetal head compression due to contraction

30
Q

The lowest point of deceleration in early deceleration occurs when?

A

At the peak of contraction

31
Q

What is the cause of late decelerations?

A

Uteroplacental insufficiency

32
Q

When does the lowest point of late decelerations occur in the ctg strip?

A

After the peak of contractions

33
Q

A strong indicator of uteroplacental insufficiency is late decelerations together with? (2)

A

No accelerations and reduced variability

34
Q

Variable decelerations are secondary to what condition?

A

Umbilical cord compression

35
Q

Define variable decelerations?

A

Abrupt onset to the lowest point within <30 secs, more than 15 bpm lasting >15 secs but <2 mins

36
Q

Variable decelerations may be associated with hypoxia when it exhibits with? (3)

A

U shape component
Reduced variability
Lasting more than 3 mins

37
Q

Variable decelerations occur as decelerations and accelerations in what order?

A

acceleration - deceleration - acceleration

38
Q

Prolonged decelerations occur for how many minutes?

A

More than 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes

39
Q

Prolonged decelerations is associated with?

A

Acute fetal hypoxia and acidosis

40
Q

When can sinusoidal pattern be observed in CTG? (4)

A

Fetomaternal hemorrhage
Rh isoimmunization
Ruptured vasa previa
Twin twin transfusion

Severe fetal anemia

41
Q

What pattern in CTG reflects complete loss of autonomic nervous system control due to hypoxia which can be seen as loss of beat to beat variability?

A

sinusoidal pattern

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