Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Prenatal Care Flashcards
Enumerate the presumptive symptoms
nausea and vomiting disturbances in urination fatigue perception of fetal movements breast symptoms
Nausea and vomiting correlates significantly with?
Amount of serum HCG
usually appears at 6 weeks and peaks at 8-10 weeks
What condition caused by increased amounts of hcg would need hospitalization? Presents as, intractable vomiting and fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
when is urinary incontinence most marked in pregnant women?
2nd or 3rd months
most common infection among pregnant women?
urinary tract infections
when does quickening happen among primigravid?
18th to 20th weeks
when does quickening happen among multigravid?
14th to 16th week
16th to 18th week
the mammary duct systems are stimulated by what hormone?
Estrogen
the alveolar component of the breast is simulated by what hormone?
Progesterone
Mastodynia or breast pain is a presumptive sign or symptom?
Presumptive symptom
Enumerate the presumptive signs
cessation of menstruation changes in cervical mucosa anatomical breast changes thermal signs skin pigmentation changes
CCATS
what is the earliest sign of pregnancy?
cessation of menstruation
highly suggestive of pregnancy
not always a reliable marker of pregnancy as this may be caused by other factors?
amenorrhea
caused by emotional stress irregular mens, chornic disease, drugs, endocrine disorders, lactation, genitourinary tumors
when does anatomical changes in the breast happen after conception?
6-8 weeks
breast enlargement
montgomery tubercles become hypertrophied and prominen
vascular engorgement
when can colostrum be expressed from the breast by gentle massage?
16 weeks
does breast size correlate at the amount of milk in pregnancy? Yes or No?
No
When does the changes in color from red or pink to violet or blue begin to happen? and this change is called?
6th week of pregnancy and this is called the Chadwick sign
Refers to the darkening of the skin over
the forehead, bridge of the nose,
cheekbones, and neck area and also known as mask of pregnancy
chloasma
Refers to the darkening of the lineal alba,
that midline of abdominal skin from the
xiphoid to the symphysis pubis
linea nigra
happens by stimulation of the melanophores by the
increase in melanocyte stimulating
hormone
More commonly known as ‘stretch marks’ These irregular breaks in the abdominal skin may be reddish or purplish (recent rupture of muscle fibers) but may turn silvery white after delivery
Stria gravidarum
Caused by the separation of the
underlying collagen tissue and appear as
irregular scars. Striae will be itchy and
might be relieved by putting gel
Vascular stellate marks result from high
levels of circulating estrogen and which
blanch when pressure is applied on them
with Palmar erythema is an associated sign
Spider telangiectasia
how long for an increase in body temperature to be considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
3 weeks
how many weeks is the fetus if the fundus is 24 cm from the pelvis
24 weeks
Linear measurement from the symphysis pubis to
the uterine fundus correlates vis a vis with the AOG
from 16-32 weeks (20 weeks = 20cm)
what is the shape of the uterus at 12 weeks
globular and at 8 cm
this sign is the softening of the uterine isthmus
hegar’s sign
at 6-8weeks of pregnancy
sign showing as the cyanosis and softening of the cervix due to increased vascularity
Goodell’s sign
occur as earl as 4 weeks and prominent at 6-8 weeks
the cervical mucus of a pregnant woman under a microscope shows what pattern?
beaded
caused by progesterone
these are painless, irregular contractions
braxton hicks contractions
what leopold maneuver determines what fetal part is at the fundus?
Leopold 1
Examiner faces woman’s head
Palpate uterine fundus
Determine what fetal part is at uterine fundus
what leopold maneuver assesses the fetus between two hands?
leopold 2
Examiner faces woman’s head
Palpate with one hand on each side of Abdomen
Palpate fetus between two hands
Assess which side is spine and which extremities
what leopold maneuver assess the fetal presenting part and fetal descent part by placing the hands just above the symphysis pubis?
leopold 3
Examiner faces woman’s feet
Palpate just above Symphysis Pubis
Palpate fetal presenting part between two hands
Assess for Fetal Descent
what leopold maneuver assess the fetus for either cephalic or breech presentation?
leopold 4
Examiner faces woman’s head
Apply downward pressure on uterine fundus
Hold presenting part between index finger and thumb
Assess for cephalic versus Breech Presentation
what is the basis of the most commonly used test for pregnancy?
hcg and glycoproteins
hcg can be detected in the maternal serum after how many days from ovulation?
8-9 days
enumerate the probable evidences of pregnancy
changes in the uterus anatomical changes ofthe cervix physical outlining of the fetus positive endocrine tests enlargement of the abdomen ballotement braxton hicks contractions
CAPPEBB
enumerate positive evidence of pregnancy
Fetal heart action
active fetal movement
recognition of embryo or fetus by ultrasound
what is the normal fetal heart rate?
110-160
age of gestation for fetal heart to be heard under a stethoscope?
18 weeks
age of gestation for fetal heart to be heard on doppler?
10-12 weeks
how many weeks for fetal heart to be heard on echocardiography?
48 days (around 7 weeks)
sonography can hear the fetal heart at how many months?
2 months
this sound is produced by the blood rushing through the umbilical cord
funic souffle
sharp whistling sound with the fetal heartbeat
soft, blowing sound that is synchronous with the maternal pulse. Heard through the dilated uterine vessels
uterine souffle
appreciable near both hypogastric areas
of the abdomen.
when can the examiner see and feel the active fetal movement?
20th week
gestational sac may be demonstrated by TVUS at what age?
5 weeks
Fetal heartbeat can be heard by ultrasound at how many weeks?
6 weeks
CRL should be predictive of gestational age by how many weeks?
12 weeks
earliest sign of intrauterine pregnancy by ultrasound?
double decidual sac sign
formed by the gestational sac and the yolk sac
called as imagery pregnancy or spurious pregnancy experienced by women desirous of pregnancy or women nearing menopause
pseudocyesis
a radiographic sign of fetal demise depicted by overlapping fetal skull caused by liquefaction of fetal brain
Spalding’s sign
radiographic sign of fetal demise depicted by gas bubbles in the fetus
Robert’s sign
It is a form of preventive health care given to
expectant mother and her baby which allows
health care providers to monitor the wellbeing of
both patients throughout the pregnancy
prenatal carte
a woman who currently is not
pregnant nor has ever been pregnant
nulligravid
-a woman who currently is pregnant or has
been in the past, irrespective of the pregnancy
outcome
gravid
a woman who has never completed a
pregnancy beyond 20 weeks’ gestation.
nulligravid
may have been pregnant but not up to 20 weeks
-a woman who has been delivered only
once of a fetus or fetuses born alive or dead with an
estimated length of gestation of 20 or more weeks
primipara
a woman who has completed two or more
pregnancies to 20 weeks’ gestation or more.
multipara
a woman in labor
parturient
a woman who has just given birth
puerpera
a previable pregnancy is aged at?
<24 weeks
a remote from term pregnancy is aged at?
24-32 weeks
a near term pregnancy is aged at?
33-36 weeks
Term pregnancy is aged at?
37 weeks
A full term pregnancy is aged at?
39 weeks
Post term pregnancy is aged at?
> 40 weeks
major goal of prenatal care
To ensure the birth of a healthy baby with
minimal risk for the mother.
on maternal visits, when does contraception discussion happen during pregnancy?
at 38 weeks
on maternal visits, when do we first check for GDM?
24-28 weeks
through OGTT
on maternal visits, when do we check for type 2 dm or overt dm and by what test?
at initial visit at 8-12 weeks by fasting blood sugar test
on maternal visits, when is cord blood banking discussed
at 28 weeks
GBS culture should be obtained on women with gestational age of?
35-37 weeks
given intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis is positive
how many mg of iron daily is recommended by ACOG to prevent iron deficiency anemia for low risk patients?
27 mg
how many mg of iron daily is recommended by ACOG to prevent iron deficiency anemia for high risk patients?
30-60 mg
single most important nutritional factor in determining birth weight
calories
what is the recommended amount of calcium per day to prevent hypertension?
1200 mg
if the patient is at high risk of hypertensive disorders, what can you give?
calcium and aspirin
which artificial sweetener is known to cross the placenta and stay in fetal; tissue?
saccharin
raw eggs can cause what infection?
salmonella
raw seafoods such as mackeral and tuna have high amounts of what substance making it not advisable during pregnancy?
mercury
what conditions make exercise contraindicated for pregnancy?
CV and pulmonary disease
pre eclampsia, previa etc
pre term labor
nausea and heartburn usually starting at 14-16 weeks is caused by?
relaxation of GES
Profuse salivation which sometimes appears to
follow salivary gland stimulation by the ingestion of
starch
ptyalism
recommended amount of caffeine per day?
300mg/day = 5 oz of cup of percolated coffee
the pregnant patient should stand up and walk every how many hours to prevent thromboembolism
2 hours
exposure to this substance is associated with gestational
hypertension, Spontaneous abortion, Low birth
weight and Neurodevelopment impairments.
Lead
