Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Prenatal Care

Question 1

Enumerate the presumptive symptoms

Answer 1

nausea and vomiting
disturbances in urination
fatigue
perception of fetal movements
breast symptoms

Question 2

Nausea and vomiting correlates significantly with?

Answer 2

Amount of serum HCG

usually appears at 6 weeks and peaks at 8-10 weeks

Question 3

What condition caused by increased amounts of hcg would need hospitalization? Presents as, intractable vomiting and fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Answer 3

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Question 4

when is urinary incontinence most marked in pregnant women?

Answer 4

2nd or 3rd months

Question 5

most common infection among pregnant women?

Answer 5

urinary tract infections

Question 6

when does quickening happen among primigravid?

Answer 6

18th to 20th weeks

Question 7

when does quickening happen among multigravid?

Answer 7

14th to 16th week

16th to 18th week

Question 8

the mammary duct systems are stimulated by what hormone?

Answer 8

Estrogen

Question 9

the alveolar component of the breast is simulated by what hormone?

Answer 9

Progesterone

Question 10

Mastodynia or breast pain is a presumptive sign or symptom?

Answer 10

Presumptive symptom

Question 11

Enumerate the presumptive signs

Answer 11

cessation of menstruation
changes in cervical mucosa
anatomical breast changes 
thermal signs
skin pigmentation changes

CCATS

Question 12

what is the earliest sign of pregnancy?

Answer 12

cessation of menstruation

highly suggestive of pregnancy

Question 13

not always a reliable marker of pregnancy as this may be caused by other factors?

Answer 13

amenorrhea

caused by emotional stress irregular mens, chornic disease, drugs, endocrine disorders, lactation, genitourinary tumors

Question 14

when does anatomical changes in the breast happen after conception?

Answer 14

6-8 weeks

breast enlargement
montgomery tubercles become hypertrophied and prominen
vascular engorgement

Question 15

when can colostrum be expressed from the breast by gentle massage?

Answer 15

16 weeks

Question 16

does breast size correlate at the amount of milk in pregnancy? Yes or No?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

When does the changes in color from red or pink to violet or blue begin to happen? and this change is called?

Answer 17

6th week of pregnancy and this is called the Chadwick sign

Question 18

Refers to the darkening of the skin over
the forehead, bridge of the nose,
cheekbones, and neck area and also known as mask of pregnancy

Answer 18

chloasma

Question 19

Refers to the darkening of the lineal alba,
that midline of abdominal skin from the
xiphoid to the symphysis pubis

Answer 19

linea nigra

happens by stimulation of the melanophores by the
increase in melanocyte stimulating
hormone

Question 20

More commonly known as ‘stretch marks’
These irregular breaks in the abdominal
skin may be reddish or purplish (recent
rupture of muscle fibers) but may turn
silvery white after delivery

Answer 20

Stria gravidarum

Caused by the separation of the
underlying collagen tissue and appear as
irregular scars. Striae will be itchy and
might be relieved by putting gel

Question 21

Vascular stellate marks result from high
levels of circulating estrogen and which
blanch when pressure is applied on them
with Palmar erythema is an associated sign

Answer 21

Spider telangiectasia

Question 22

how long for an increase in body temperature to be considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

Answer 22

3 weeks

Question 23

how many weeks is the fetus if the fundus is 24 cm from the pelvis

Answer 23

24 weeks

Linear measurement from the symphysis pubis to
the uterine fundus correlates vis a vis with the AOG
from 16-32 weeks (20 weeks = 20cm)

Question 24

what is the shape of the uterus at 12 weeks

Answer 24

globular and at 8 cm

Question 25

this sign is the softening of the uterine isthmus

Answer 25

hegar's sign at 6-8weeks of pregnancy

Question 26

sign showing as the cyanosis and softening of the cervix due to increased vascularity

Answer 26

Goodell's sign occur as earl as 4 weeks and prominent at 6-8 weeks

Question 27

the cervical mucus of a pregnant woman under a microscope shows what pattern?

Answer 27

beaded caused by progesterone

Question 28

these are painless, irregular contractions

Answer 28

braxton hicks contractions

Question 29

what leopold maneuver determines what fetal part is at the fundus?

Answer 29

Leopold 1 Examiner faces woman's head Palpate uterine fundus Determine what fetal part is at uterine fundus

Question 30

what leopold maneuver assesses the fetus between two hands?

Answer 30

leopold 2 Examiner faces woman's head Palpate with one hand on each side of Abdomen Palpate fetus between two hands Assess which side is spine and which extremities

Question 31

what leopold maneuver assess the fetal presenting part and fetal descent part by placing the hands just above the symphysis pubis?

Answer 31

leopold 3 Examiner faces woman's feet Palpate just above Symphysis Pubis Palpate fetal presenting part between two hands Assess for Fetal Descent

Question 32

what leopold maneuver assess the fetus for either cephalic or breech presentation?

Answer 32

leopold 4 Examiner faces woman's head Apply downward pressure on uterine fundus Hold presenting part between index finger and thumb Assess for cephalic versus Breech Presentation

Question 33

what is the basis of the most commonly used test for pregnancy?

Answer 33

hcg and glycoproteins

Question 34

hcg can be detected in the maternal serum after how many days from ovulation?

Answer 34

8-9 days

Question 35

enumerate the probable evidences of pregnancy

Answer 35

``` changes in the uterus anatomical changes ofthe cervix physical outlining of the fetus positive endocrine tests enlargement of the abdomen ballotement braxton hicks contractions ``` CAPPEBB

Question 36

enumerate positive evidence of pregnancy

Answer 36

Fetal heart action active fetal movement recognition of embryo or fetus by ultrasound

Question 37

what is the normal fetal heart rate?

Answer 37

110-160

Question 38

age of gestation for fetal heart to be heard under a stethoscope?

Answer 38

18 weeks

Question 39

age of gestation for fetal heart to be heard on doppler?

Answer 39

10-12 weeks

Question 40

how many weeks for fetal heart to be heard on echocardiography?

Answer 40

48 days (around 7 weeks)

Question 41

sonography can hear the fetal heart at how many months?

Answer 41

2 months

Question 42

this sound is produced by the blood rushing through the umbilical cord

Answer 42

funic souffle sharp whistling sound with the fetal heartbeat

Question 43

soft, blowing sound that is synchronous with the maternal pulse. Heard through the dilated uterine vessels

Answer 43

uterine souffle appreciable near both hypogastric areas of the abdomen.

Question 44

when can the examiner see and feel the active fetal movement?

Answer 44

20th week

Question 45

gestational sac may be demonstrated by TVUS at what age?

Answer 45

5 weeks

Question 46

Fetal heartbeat can be heard by ultrasound at how many weeks?

Answer 46

6 weeks

Question 47

CRL should be predictive of gestational age by how many weeks?

Answer 47

12 weeks

Question 48

earliest sign of intrauterine pregnancy by ultrasound?

Answer 48

double decidual sac sign formed by the gestational sac and the yolk sac

Question 49

called as imagery pregnancy or spurious pregnancy experienced by women desirous of pregnancy or women nearing menopause

Answer 49

pseudocyesis

Question 50

a radiographic sign of fetal demise depicted by overlapping fetal skull caused by liquefaction of fetal brain

Answer 50

Spalding's sign

Question 51

radiographic sign of fetal demise depicted by gas bubbles in the fetus

Answer 51

Robert's sign

Question 52

It is a form of preventive health care given to expectant mother and her baby which allows health care providers to monitor the wellbeing of both patients throughout the pregnancy

Answer 52

prenatal carte

Question 53

a woman who currently is not | pregnant nor has ever been pregnant

Answer 53

nulligravid

Question 54

-a woman who currently is pregnant or has been in the past, irrespective of the pregnancy outcome

Answer 54

gravid

Question 55

a woman who has never completed a | pregnancy beyond 20 weeks' gestation.

Answer 55

nulligravid may have been pregnant but not up to 20 weeks

Question 56

-a woman who has been delivered only once of a fetus or fetuses born alive or dead with an estimated length of gestation of 20 or more weeks

Answer 56

primipara

Question 57

a woman who has completed two or more | pregnancies to 20 weeks' gestation or more.

Answer 57

multipara

Question 58

a woman in labor

Answer 58

parturient

Question 59

a woman who has just given birth

Answer 59

puerpera

Question 60

a previable pregnancy is aged at?

Answer 60

<24 weeks

Question 61

a remote from term pregnancy is aged at?

Answer 61

24-32 weeks

Question 62

a near term pregnancy is aged at?

Answer 62

33-36 weeks

Question 63

Term pregnancy is aged at?

Answer 63

37 weeks

Question 64

A full term pregnancy is aged at?

Answer 64

39 weeks

Question 65

Post term pregnancy is aged at?

Answer 65

> 40 weeks

Question 66

major goal of prenatal care

Answer 66

To ensure the birth of a healthy baby with | minimal risk for the mother.

Question 67

on maternal visits, when does contraception discussion happen during pregnancy?

Answer 67

at 38 weeks

Question 68

on maternal visits, when do we first check for GDM?

Answer 68

24-28 weeks through OGTT

Question 69

on maternal visits, when do we check for type 2 dm or overt dm and by what test?

Answer 69

at initial visit at 8-12 weeks by fasting blood sugar test

Question 70

on maternal visits, when is cord blood banking discussed

Answer 70

at 28 weeks

Question 71

GBS culture should be obtained on women with gestational age of?

Answer 71

35-37 weeks given intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis is positive

Question 72

how many mg of iron daily is recommended by ACOG to prevent iron deficiency anemia for low risk patients?

Answer 72

27 mg

Question 73

how many mg of iron daily is recommended by ACOG to prevent iron deficiency anemia for high risk patients?

Answer 73

30-60 mg

Question 74

single most important nutritional factor in determining birth weight

Answer 74

calories

Question 75

what is the recommended amount of calcium per day to prevent hypertension?

Answer 75

1200 mg

Question 76

if the patient is at high risk of hypertensive disorders, what can you give?

Answer 76

calcium and aspirin

Question 77

which artificial sweetener is known to cross the placenta and stay in fetal; tissue?

Answer 77

saccharin

Question 78

raw eggs can cause what infection?

Answer 78

salmonella

Question 79

raw seafoods such as mackeral and tuna have high amounts of what substance making it not advisable during pregnancy?

Answer 79

mercury

Question 80

what conditions make exercise contraindicated for pregnancy?

Answer 80

CV and pulmonary disease pre eclampsia, previa etc pre term labor

Question 81

nausea and heartburn usually starting at 14-16 weeks is caused by?

Answer 81

relaxation of GES

Question 82

Profuse salivation which sometimes appears to follow salivary gland stimulation by the ingestion of starch

Answer 82

ptyalism

Question 83

recommended amount of caffeine per day?

Answer 83

300mg/day = 5 oz of cup of percolated coffee

Question 84

the pregnant patient should stand up and walk every how many hours to prevent thromboembolism

Answer 84

2 hours

Question 85

exposure to this substance is associated with gestational hypertension, Spontaneous abortion, Low birth weight and Neurodevelopment impairments.

Answer 85

Lead