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OBSTETRICS > Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Prenatal Care > Flashcards

Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Prenatal Care Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the presumptive symptoms

A 
nausea and vomiting
disturbances in urination
fatigue
perception of fetal movements
breast symptoms
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2
Q

Nausea and vomiting correlates significantly with?

A

Amount of serum HCG

usually appears at 6 weeks and peaks at 8-10 weeks

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3
Q

What condition caused by increased amounts of hcg would need hospitalization? Presents as, intractable vomiting and fluid and electrolyte imbalance

A

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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4
Q

when is urinary incontinence most marked in pregnant women?

A

2nd or 3rd months

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5
Q

most common infection among pregnant women?

A

urinary tract infections

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6
Q

when does quickening happen among primigravid?

A

18th to 20th weeks

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7
Q

when does quickening happen among multigravid?

A

14th to 16th week

16th to 18th week

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8
Q

the mammary duct systems are stimulated by what hormone?

A

Estrogen

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9
Q

the alveolar component of the breast is simulated by what hormone?

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

Mastodynia or breast pain is a presumptive sign or symptom?

A

Presumptive symptom

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11
Q

Enumerate the presumptive signs

A 
cessation of menstruation
changes in cervical mucosa
anatomical breast changes 
thermal signs
skin pigmentation changes

CCATS

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12
Q

what is the earliest sign of pregnancy?

A

cessation of menstruation

highly suggestive of pregnancy

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13
Q

not always a reliable marker of pregnancy as this may be caused by other factors?

A

amenorrhea

caused by emotional stress irregular mens, chornic disease, drugs, endocrine disorders, lactation, genitourinary tumors

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14
Q

when does anatomical changes in the breast happen after conception?

A

6-8 weeks

breast enlargement
montgomery tubercles become hypertrophied and prominen
vascular engorgement

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15
Q

when can colostrum be expressed from the breast by gentle massage?

A

16 weeks

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16
Q

does breast size correlate at the amount of milk in pregnancy? Yes or No?

A

No

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17
Q

When does the changes in color from red or pink to violet or blue begin to happen? and this change is called?

A

6th week of pregnancy and this is called the Chadwick sign

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18
Q

Refers to the darkening of the skin over
the forehead, bridge of the nose,
cheekbones, and neck area and also known as mask of pregnancy

A

chloasma

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19
Q

Refers to the darkening of the lineal alba,
that midline of abdominal skin from the
xiphoid to the symphysis pubis

A

linea nigra

happens by stimulation of the melanophores by the
increase in melanocyte stimulating
hormone

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20
Q 
More commonly known as ‘stretch marks’
These irregular breaks in the abdominal
skin may be reddish or purplish (recent
rupture of muscle fibers) but may turn
silvery white after delivery
A

Stria gravidarum

Caused by the separation of the
underlying collagen tissue and appear as
irregular scars. Striae will be itchy and
might be relieved by putting gel

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21
Q

Vascular stellate marks result from high
levels of circulating estrogen and which
blanch when pressure is applied on them
with Palmar erythema is an associated sign

A

Spider telangiectasia

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22
Q

how long for an increase in body temperature to be considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

A

3 weeks

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23
Q

how many weeks is the fetus if the fundus is 24 cm from the pelvis

A

24 weeks

Linear measurement from the symphysis pubis to
the uterine fundus correlates vis a vis with the AOG
from 16-32 weeks (20 weeks = 20cm)

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24
Q

what is the shape of the uterus at 12 weeks

A

globular and at 8 cm

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25
Q

this sign is the softening of the uterine isthmus

A

hegar’s sign

at 6-8weeks of pregnancy

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26
Q

sign showing as the cyanosis and softening of the cervix due to increased vascularity

A

Goodell’s sign

occur as earl as 4 weeks and prominent at 6-8 weeks

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27
Q

the cervical mucus of a pregnant woman under a microscope shows what pattern?

A

beaded

caused by progesterone

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28
Q

these are painless, irregular contractions

A

braxton hicks contractions

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29
Q

what leopold maneuver determines what fetal part is at the fundus?

A

Leopold 1

Examiner faces woman’s head
Palpate uterine fundus
Determine what fetal part is at uterine fundus

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30
Q

what leopold maneuver assesses the fetus between two hands?

A

leopold 2

Examiner faces woman’s head
Palpate with one hand on each side of Abdomen
Palpate fetus between two hands
Assess which side is spine and which extremities

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31
Q

what leopold maneuver assess the fetal presenting part and fetal descent part by placing the hands just above the symphysis pubis?

A

leopold 3

Examiner faces woman’s feet
Palpate just above Symphysis Pubis
Palpate fetal presenting part between two hands
Assess for Fetal Descent

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32
Q

what leopold maneuver assess the fetus for either cephalic or breech presentation?

A

leopold 4

Examiner faces woman’s head
Apply downward pressure on uterine fundus
Hold presenting part between index finger and thumb
Assess for cephalic versus Breech Presentation

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33
Q

what is the basis of the most commonly used test for pregnancy?

A

hcg and glycoproteins

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34
Q

hcg can be detected in the maternal serum after how many days from ovulation?

A

8-9 days

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35
Q

enumerate the probable evidences of pregnancy

A 
changes in the uterus 
anatomical changes ofthe cervix
physical outlining of the fetus 
positive endocrine tests
enlargement of the abdomen
ballotement
braxton hicks contractions

CAPPEBB

36
Q

enumerate positive evidence of pregnancy

A

Fetal heart action
active fetal movement
recognition of embryo or fetus by ultrasound

37
Q

what is the normal fetal heart rate?

A

110-160

38
Q

age of gestation for fetal heart to be heard under a stethoscope?

A

18 weeks

39
Q

age of gestation for fetal heart to be heard on doppler?

A

10-12 weeks

40
Q

how many weeks for fetal heart to be heard on echocardiography?

A

48 days (around 7 weeks)

41
Q

sonography can hear the fetal heart at how many months?

A

2 months

42
Q

this sound is produced by the blood rushing through the umbilical cord

A

funic souffle

sharp whistling sound with the fetal heartbeat

43
Q

soft, blowing sound that is synchronous with the maternal pulse. Heard through the dilated uterine vessels

A

uterine souffle

appreciable near both hypogastric areas
of the abdomen.

44
Q

when can the examiner see and feel the active fetal movement?

A

20th week

45
Q

gestational sac may be demonstrated by TVUS at what age?

A

5 weeks

46
Q

Fetal heartbeat can be heard by ultrasound at how many weeks?

A

6 weeks

47
Q

CRL should be predictive of gestational age by how many weeks?

A

12 weeks

48
Q

earliest sign of intrauterine pregnancy by ultrasound?

A

double decidual sac sign

formed by the gestational sac and the yolk sac

49
Q

called as imagery pregnancy or spurious pregnancy experienced by women desirous of pregnancy or women nearing menopause

A

pseudocyesis

50
Q

a radiographic sign of fetal demise depicted by overlapping fetal skull caused by liquefaction of fetal brain

A

Spalding’s sign

51
Q

radiographic sign of fetal demise depicted by gas bubbles in the fetus

A

Robert’s sign

52
Q

It is a form of preventive health care given to
expectant mother and her baby which allows
health care providers to monitor the wellbeing of
both patients throughout the pregnancy

A

prenatal carte

53
Q

a woman who currently is not

pregnant nor has ever been pregnant

A

nulligravid

54
Q

-a woman who currently is pregnant or has
been in the past, irrespective of the pregnancy
outcome

A

gravid

55
Q

a woman who has never completed a

pregnancy beyond 20 weeks’ gestation.

A

nulligravid

may have been pregnant but not up to 20 weeks

56
Q

-a woman who has been delivered only
once of a fetus or fetuses born alive or dead with an
estimated length of gestation of 20 or more weeks

A

primipara

57
Q

a woman who has completed two or more

pregnancies to 20 weeks’ gestation or more.

A

multipara

58
Q

a woman in labor

A

parturient

59
Q

a woman who has just given birth

A

puerpera

60
Q

a previable pregnancy is aged at?

A

<24 weeks

61
Q

a remote from term pregnancy is aged at?

A

24-32 weeks

62
Q

a near term pregnancy is aged at?

A

33-36 weeks

63
Q

Term pregnancy is aged at?

A

37 weeks

64
Q

A full term pregnancy is aged at?

A

39 weeks

65
Q

Post term pregnancy is aged at?

A

> 40 weeks

66
Q

major goal of prenatal care

A

To ensure the birth of a healthy baby with

minimal risk for the mother.

67
Q

on maternal visits, when does contraception discussion happen during pregnancy?

A

at 38 weeks

68
Q

on maternal visits, when do we first check for GDM?

A

24-28 weeks

through OGTT

69
Q

on maternal visits, when do we check for type 2 dm or overt dm and by what test?

A

at initial visit at 8-12 weeks by fasting blood sugar test

70
Q

on maternal visits, when is cord blood banking discussed

A

at 28 weeks

71
Q

GBS culture should be obtained on women with gestational age of?

A

35-37 weeks

given intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis is positive

72
Q

how many mg of iron daily is recommended by ACOG to prevent iron deficiency anemia for low risk patients?

A

27 mg

73
Q

how many mg of iron daily is recommended by ACOG to prevent iron deficiency anemia for high risk patients?

A

30-60 mg

74
Q

single most important nutritional factor in determining birth weight

A

calories

75
Q

what is the recommended amount of calcium per day to prevent hypertension?

A

1200 mg

76
Q

if the patient is at high risk of hypertensive disorders, what can you give?

A

calcium and aspirin

77
Q

which artificial sweetener is known to cross the placenta and stay in fetal; tissue?

A

saccharin

78
Q

raw eggs can cause what infection?

A

salmonella

79
Q

raw seafoods such as mackeral and tuna have high amounts of what substance making it not advisable during pregnancy?

A

mercury

80
Q

what conditions make exercise contraindicated for pregnancy?

A

CV and pulmonary disease
pre eclampsia, previa etc
pre term labor

81
Q

nausea and heartburn usually starting at 14-16 weeks is caused by?

A

relaxation of GES

82
Q

Profuse salivation which sometimes appears to
follow salivary gland stimulation by the ingestion of
starch

A

ptyalism

83
Q

recommended amount of caffeine per day?

A

300mg/day = 5 oz of cup of percolated coffee

84
Q

the pregnant patient should stand up and walk every how many hours to prevent thromboembolism

A

2 hours

85
Q

exposure to this substance is associated with gestational
hypertension, Spontaneous abortion, Low birth
weight and Neurodevelopment impairments.

A

Lead

OBSTETRICS (36 decks)

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