Overview of Maternal Health in Philippines Flashcards
obstetrical complication which is most common cause of maternal mortality?
Post partum hemorrhage
1 hemorrhage
2 infection
3 eclampsia
State of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters
relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and
processes
health
Implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe
sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and
the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so. Includes sexual health, the purpose of which is the
enhancement of life and personal relations
RH law
when does comprehensive reproductive care start
Prenatally
and up to postnatal care
abortion is allowed in situations of maternal emergency such as eclampsia? t or f
True
the art and science that deals with delivery, its
antecedents and sequelae, or pregnancy, labor and
puerperium
Obstetrics
More babies are born inside the residence of the mother? to r f
false
born outside of residence for better services and facilities
Period after birth of an infant born after 20 weeks and
ending at 28 completed days after birth.
Perinatal period
Complete expulsion or extraction from the mother of a
fetus after 20 weeks gestation
Birth
Weight of a neonate determined immediately after
delivery or soon thereafter as feasible.
Birthweight
Women of reproductive age
Age 15-49 years old
Number of live births per 1000 population
Birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 females aged 15 - 44
Fertility rate
Term used to record a birth whenever the newborn at or
sometime after birth breathes spontaneously or shows any
other sign of life such as a heartbeat or definite
spontaneous movement of voluntary muscles
Live birth
Absence of signs of life at or after birth
STILLBIRTH OR FETAL DEATH
What is term delivery?
37 weeks to 42 weeks
Early term
37-38 weeks
full term
39-40 weeks
ideal age of gestation for birth?
39 weeks
Preterm?
less than 37 completed weeks (or 259 days) of
gestation
post term
more than 42 weeks (or 295 days or more)
Death of a liveborn neonate during the first 7 days after birth
Early neonatal death
Death after 7 days but before 29 days
Late neonatal daeth
Number of stillborn neonates per 1000 neonates born,
including live births and stillbirths
STILLBIRTH RATE OR FETAL DEATH RATE
Number of neonatal deaths per 1000 live births
NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE
The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000
total births
PERINATAL MORTALITY RATE
All deaths of liveborn infants from birth through 12 months
of age
INFANT DEATH
Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days after
termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and
the site of the pregnancy
MATERNAL DEATH
Either the disease or injury which initiated the train of
events leading directly to death or the circumstances of
the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury
UNDERLYING CAUSE OF DEATH
Results from obstetric complications of the pregnant state
(pregnancy, labor, and puerperium) from the
interventions, omissions, incorrect treatment or from a
chain of events resulting from the above
DIRECT OBSTETRIC CAUSE
Results from previous existing disease or other health
conditions that developed during pregnancy
INDIRECT OBSTETRIC CAUSE
Traumatic deaths like suicide, accidents, gunshot wound
NON-OBSTETRIC DEATH
fetal effects of cigarette
low birth weight
birth defects
low folate, vitamin c anb carotenoids
fetal effects of alcohol
low birth weight
birth defects
stillbirth
effects of diabetes
low vitamin c
maternal effect of low iron
anemia
easy fatigability
fainting spells
breathlessness
fetal effects of low iron
anemia
maternal effects of low calcium
ostetoporosis
fetal effects of low calcium
poor mineralization of fetal skeleton and teeth
maternal effects of low iodine
abortion
fetal effects of low iodine
cretinism stillbirth congenital defects impaired brain development goiter hypothyroidism
90% of all maternal mortalities are?
preventable
inevitable
preventable
2 main reasons for high teen pregnancy?
inadequate sex education
lack of access to birth control
The three delays
1 DELAY IN DECIDING TO SEEK MEDICAL CARE 2 DELAY IN IDENTIFYING AND REACHING THE APPROPRIATE FACILITY 3 DELAY IN RECEIVING APPROPRIATE AND ADEQUATE CARE AT HEALT FACILITY
Universal access by 2015 to the widest possible range
of safe and effective family planning methods and
the following related reproductive health services:
o Essential obstetric care
o Prevention and management of reproductive tract
infections including STI
Millennium development goals
adopted by all United Nations
Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy
peace and prosperity by 2030.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals
POGs recommendation for frequency of check ups
every month until 28 weeks. every two weeks until 36 weeks and every week until delivery. Atleast 14 visits.
DOH recommendation for frequency of visits?
4-5 quality and purposeful antenatal visits
When does the first antenatal visit happen by DOH?
After the first trimester (12 weeks) to screen for STI, anemia, GDM and first time for accurate ultrasound.
When does the additional visit after first visit happen?
at 20 weeks for a repeat scan
When does the 2nd visit happen?
at 24-28 weeks (6th or 7th month) to screen again for GDM
when does the 3rd visit happen?
at 32 weeks (8th month) to screen for multiple gestation, eclampsia and anemia
when does the 4th visit happen?
9th month or 36 weeks to assess of fetal lie and mode of delivery
it is a workshop being given to birth
attendants (e.g midwifes and district primary care
physicians)
EmONC (Emergency Obstetrical and Newborn Care)
Approach
The single most important way to reduce maternal deaths
ensure that a skilled attendant is present at every
birth.
An accredited health professional (a midwife, doctor or
nurse) who has been educated and trained to
proficiency in the skills needed to manage normal
pregnancies, childbirth and the immediate postnatal
period, and in the identification, management and referral
of complications in women and newborns.
SKILLED ATTENDANT
The elements of obstetric & newborn care needed for the
management of normal and complicated pregnancy,
delivery, postpartum periods and the newborn.
● Early detection and treatment of problem
pregnancies to prevent progression to an emergency
● Management of emergency complications
EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC AND NEWBORN CARE
EmONC
Facility that performed all of the following six services:
o Administration of parenteral antibiotics, oxytocics and
anticonvulsants
o Manual removal of placenta
o Removal of retained products
o Assisted vaginal delivery
BASIC ESSENTIAL/ EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC
CARE (BEmOC)
Facility that has performed surgery and blood
transfusion, in addition to all six BEmOC services
COMPREHENSIVE ESSENTIAL/ EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE (CEmOC)
