1F - The Newborn Infant Flashcards
What ductus closes after delivery due to decrease in arterial blood pressure?
Ductus arteriosus
If the mother experiences tachysystole, what fetal complication may arise?
Fetal hypoxia
A transient period or rapid breathing by the baby results in primary apnea, what is the treatment?
Stimulation and exposure to oxygen
If apnea persists and there is further decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and neuromuscular tone, the baby develops secondary apnea, this is still treated with oxygen and stimulation, t or f?
False. Bring baby to NICU
If the baby develops bradycardia, beyond 30 secs after delivery, what is the intervention?
Positive pressure ventilation
How many assisted breaths per minute is employed?
30-60 breaths per min
If the baby’s heart rate remains at 60 bpm even after continuous positive pressure ventilation, what treatment is employed?
Epinephrine
If there is blood loss for the mother or the baby, what is used first, isotonic crytalloid or colloid?
Crystalloid
If there is no heartbeat despite continuous resuscitative efforts, how many minutes is allowed before stopping?
10 minutes
What is the fetal condition if there is accumulation of carbonic acid but no increase in organic acids (lactic acid and hydrobutyric acid)
Respiratory acidemia
What is the fetal condition if baby accumulates organic acids but does not accumulate carbonic acid?
Metabolic acidemia
If there is both increase in carbonic and organic acids, what is the fetal condition?
Mixed acedemia
What are the values checked for fetal metabolic acidosis?
Umbilica lartery pH <7 and base deficit of >12mmol/L
This happens when oxygen deprivation to the fetus required anaerobic metabolism for fetal cellular energy needs?
Metabolic acidemia
This acedemia occurs due to interrupted placental gas exchange with subsequent retention?
Respiratory acidemia
What is the most common cause of respiratory acidemia?
Umbilical cord compression
Metabolic acidemia is associated with what fetal complication?
Multi organ dysfunction
What is the common cause of fever intrapartum?
Chorioamnionitis
What type of multifetal gestation has problems with fetal gas exchange?
Monochorionic, monoamniotic
What drugs are given fro prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?
0.5% erythromycin ointment and 1% tetracylcine ointment
If the mother is positive for hepatitis, what is given within 12 hours of birth to prevent vertical transmission to the baby?
IV Ig
How many hours is bathing of the baby delayed after delivery?
12 hrs
Vernix is readily absorbed and disappears after how many hours?
24 hours
How frequent should exclusive breastfeeding happen during the day and during the night?
every 4 hrs at day and every 6 hrs at night
For preterm and growth restricted babies, how many hours interval of breastfeeding is required?
Q3hr
In the first 4 days, what is the breastfeeding practice that is ideal until the mother has a supply of milk?
5 minutes at each breast
*4th day - 10 mins each breast
there is weight loss for the first few days after delivery, when will weight loss be regained usually?
10th day
What are the contents of meconium?
Lanugo
Epidermal cells
Mucus
Epithelial cells from intestine
What is physiological vs pathological jaundice?
Pathological - within 24 hours
Physiological - post 24 hours to 5th day of life
The bilirubin on a newborn child is mostly conjugated or unconjugated?
Unconjugated (free)
Sufficient surfactant for lung maturation is produced by what type of pneumocytes?
Type 2
Mothers who have GDM are at more risk of what fetal lung condition?
Respiratory distress syndrome
What is given to prevent hyaline membrane disease?
Surfactant and antenatal steroids
When will corticosteroid therapy be be used to reduce respiratory distress syndrome?
24 weeks to 34 weeks
What substances essential for lung maturation are missing in mothers with GDM?
Diphosphatidylcholine-lecithin, phosphatidylinositol and phophatidylglycerol
Esp glycerol
At 32 - 34 weeks, which substance is higher in amnionic fluid, lecithin or sphingmyelin?
Lecithin
What value of respiratory distress is indicative of increased risk for respiratory distress?
Below 2
Intraventricular hemorrhage are common among infants who are?
Preterm
Leukomalacia resulting from hydrocephalus increases the risk of the baby for what condition?
Cerebral palsy
What action under EINC helps prevent periventricular hemorrhage?
Properly timed cord clamping
What grade is intraventricular hemorrhage with parenchymal extension?
Grade 4
1- germinal matrix
2 - intraventricular
3 - ventricular dilatation
4 - parenchymal extension
What intervention is done that prevents or reduce incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage?
Corticosteroids
When can cerebral palsy be attributed to an intrapartum event?
If the affected child develops hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
What is administered for high risk patients for neuroprotection?
Mag sul
Before 34 weeks
This major type of cerebral palsy is common among preterm or low birth weight infants?
Diplegia
This type of cerebral palsy is associated with mental retardation and seizure disorders?
Spastic quadriplegia
This is defined as the abnormal collection of fluid in more than one area of the body such as ascites and pleural effusion, is termed hydrops fetalis?
Immune hydrops
This is the usual cause of non immune hydrops?
Infection
What is the treatment for non immune hydrops?
Indomethacin
What is the treatment for immune hydrops to reduce the swelling?
Exchange transfusion
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is caused by abnormally low levels of what substances?
Vit k dependent clotting factors
Compression of the head especially when there is contracted pelvis usually result to?
Caput succadeum
Involvement of the subgaleal aponeurosis and blood in the periosteum results to?
Caput hemorrhage
I there is blood in the periosteum but no subgaleal involvement, there is?
Cephalohematoma
This paralysis involves the nerves C5 and C6 whihc lead to paralysis of deltoid and infraspinatus and flexor muscles of the forearm?
Erb or Duchenne paralysis
Fingers are good
This paralysis is characterized by flaccid hand and damage to lower plexus C8 and T1
Klumpke paralysis
This syndrome is characterized by ptosis and meiosis of the affected eye?
Horner syndrome
Injury of the facial nerve due to use of forceps can manifest as what condition?
Facial paralysis
Most common fracture at normal birth?
Clavicular fracture
What kind of fracture is usually associated with breech delivery?
Femoral fracture
