1F - The Newborn Infant

Question 1

What ductus closes after delivery due to decrease in arterial blood pressure?

Answer 1

Ductus arteriosus

Question 2

If the mother experiences tachysystole, what fetal complication may arise?

Answer 2

Fetal hypoxia

Question 3

A transient period or rapid breathing by the baby results in primary apnea, what is the treatment?

Answer 3

Stimulation and exposure to oxygen

Question 4

If apnea persists and there is further decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and neuromuscular tone, the baby develops secondary apnea, this is still treated with oxygen and stimulation, t or f?

Answer 4

False. Bring baby to NICU

Question 5

If the baby develops bradycardia, beyond 30 secs after delivery, what is the intervention?

Answer 5

Positive pressure ventilation

Question 6

How many assisted breaths per minute is employed?

Answer 6

30-60 breaths per min

Question 7

If the baby’s heart rate remains at 60 bpm even after continuous positive pressure ventilation, what treatment is employed?

Answer 7

Epinephrine

Question 8

If there is blood loss for the mother or the baby, what is used first, isotonic crytalloid or colloid?

Answer 8

Crystalloid

Question 9

If there is no heartbeat despite continuous resuscitative efforts, how many minutes is allowed before stopping?

Answer 9

10 minutes

Question 10

What is the fetal condition if there is accumulation of carbonic acid but no increase in organic acids (lactic acid and hydrobutyric acid)

Answer 10

Respiratory acidemia

Question 11

What is the fetal condition if baby accumulates organic acids but does not accumulate carbonic acid?

Answer 11

Metabolic acidemia

Question 12

If there is both increase in carbonic and organic acids, what is the fetal condition?

Answer 12

Mixed acedemia

Question 13

What are the values checked for fetal metabolic acidosis?

Answer 13

Umbilica lartery pH <7 and base deficit of >12mmol/L

Question 14

This happens when oxygen deprivation to the fetus required anaerobic metabolism for fetal cellular energy needs?

Answer 14

Metabolic acidemia

Question 15

This acedemia occurs due to interrupted placental gas exchange with subsequent retention?

Answer 15

Respiratory acidemia

Question 16

What is the most common cause of respiratory acidemia?

Answer 16

Umbilical cord compression

Question 17

Metabolic acidemia is associated with what fetal complication?

Answer 17

Multi organ dysfunction

Question 18

What is the common cause of fever intrapartum?

Answer 18

Chorioamnionitis

Question 19

What type of multifetal gestation has problems with fetal gas exchange?

Answer 19

Monochorionic, monoamniotic

Question 20

What drugs are given fro prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?

Answer 20

0.5% erythromycin ointment and 1% tetracylcine ointment

Question 21

If the mother is positive for hepatitis, what is given within 12 hours of birth to prevent vertical transmission to the baby?

Answer 21

IV Ig

Question 22

How many hours is bathing of the baby delayed after delivery?

Answer 22

12 hrs

Question 23

Vernix is readily absorbed and disappears after how many hours?

Answer 23

24 hours

Question 24

How frequent should exclusive breastfeeding happen during the day and during the night?

Answer 24

every 4 hrs at day and every 6 hrs at night

Question 25

For preterm and growth restricted babies, how many hours interval of breastfeeding is required?

Answer 25

Q3hr

Question 26

In the first 4 days, what is the breastfeeding practice that is ideal until the mother has a supply of milk?

Answer 26

5 minutes at each breast *4th day - 10 mins each breast

Question 27

there is weight loss for the first few days after delivery, when will weight loss be regained usually?

Answer 27

10th day

Question 28

What are the contents of meconium?

Answer 28

Lanugo Epidermal cells Mucus Epithelial cells from intestine

Question 29

What is physiological vs pathological jaundice?

Answer 29

Pathological - within 24 hours | Physiological - post 24 hours to 5th day of life

Question 30

The bilirubin on a newborn child is mostly conjugated or unconjugated?

Answer 30

Unconjugated (free)

Question 31

Sufficient surfactant for lung maturation is produced by what type of pneumocytes?

Answer 31

Type 2

Question 32

Mothers who have GDM are at more risk of what fetal lung condition?

Answer 32

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 33

What is given to prevent hyaline membrane disease?

Answer 33

Surfactant and antenatal steroids

Question 34

When will corticosteroid therapy be be used to reduce respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 34

24 weeks to 34 weeks

Question 35

What substances essential for lung maturation are missing in mothers with GDM?

Answer 35

Diphosphatidylcholine-lecithin, phosphatidylinositol and phophatidylglycerol Esp glycerol

Question 36

At 32 - 34 weeks, which substance is higher in amnionic fluid, lecithin or sphingmyelin?

Answer 36

Lecithin

Question 37

What value of respiratory distress is indicative of increased risk for respiratory distress?

Answer 37

Below 2

Question 38

Intraventricular hemorrhage are common among infants who are?

Answer 38

Preterm

Question 39

Leukomalacia resulting from hydrocephalus increases the risk of the baby for what condition?

Answer 39

Cerebral palsy

Question 40

What action under EINC helps prevent periventricular hemorrhage?

Answer 40

Properly timed cord clamping

Question 41

What grade is intraventricular hemorrhage with parenchymal extension?

Answer 41

Grade 4 1- germinal matrix 2 - intraventricular 3 - ventricular dilatation 4 - parenchymal extension

Question 42

What intervention is done that prevents or reduce incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage?

Answer 42

Corticosteroids

Question 43

When can cerebral palsy be attributed to an intrapartum event?

Answer 43

If the affected child develops hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Question 44

What is administered for high risk patients for neuroprotection?

Answer 44

Mag sul Before 34 weeks

Question 45

This major type of cerebral palsy is common among preterm or low birth weight infants?

Answer 45

Diplegia

Question 46

This type of cerebral palsy is associated with mental retardation and seizure disorders?

Answer 46

Spastic quadriplegia

Question 47

This is defined as the abnormal collection of fluid in more than one area of the body such as ascites and pleural effusion, is termed hydrops fetalis?

Answer 47

Immune hydrops

Question 48

This is the usual cause of non immune hydrops?

Answer 48

Infection

Question 49

What is the treatment for non immune hydrops?

Answer 49

Indomethacin

Question 50

What is the treatment for immune hydrops to reduce the swelling?

Answer 50

Exchange transfusion

Question 51

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is caused by abnormally low levels of what substances?

Answer 51

Vit k dependent clotting factors

Question 52

Compression of the head especially when there is contracted pelvis usually result to?

Answer 52

Caput succadeum

Question 53

Involvement of the subgaleal aponeurosis and blood in the periosteum results to?

Answer 53

Caput hemorrhage

Question 54

I there is blood in the periosteum but no subgaleal involvement, there is?

Answer 54

Cephalohematoma

Question 55

This paralysis involves the nerves C5 and C6 whihc lead to paralysis of deltoid and infraspinatus and flexor muscles of the forearm?

Answer 55

Erb or Duchenne paralysis Fingers are good

Question 56

This paralysis is characterized by flaccid hand and damage to lower plexus C8 and T1

Answer 56

Klumpke paralysis

Question 57

This syndrome is characterized by ptosis and meiosis of the affected eye?

Answer 57

Horner syndrome

Question 58

Injury of the facial nerve due to use of forceps can manifest as what condition?

Answer 58

Facial paralysis

Question 59

Most common fracture at normal birth?

Answer 59

Clavicular fracture

Question 60

What kind of fracture is usually associated with breech delivery?

Answer 60

Femoral fracture