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OBSTETRICS > 1F - The Newborn Infant > Flashcards

1F - The Newborn Infant Flashcards

1
Q

What ductus closes after delivery due to decrease in arterial blood pressure?

A

Ductus arteriosus

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2
Q

If the mother experiences tachysystole, what fetal complication may arise?

A

Fetal hypoxia

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3
Q

A transient period or rapid breathing by the baby results in primary apnea, what is the treatment?

A

Stimulation and exposure to oxygen

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4
Q

If apnea persists and there is further decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and neuromuscular tone, the baby develops secondary apnea, this is still treated with oxygen and stimulation, t or f?

A

False. Bring baby to NICU

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5
Q

If the baby develops bradycardia, beyond 30 secs after delivery, what is the intervention?

A

Positive pressure ventilation

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6
Q

How many assisted breaths per minute is employed?

A

30-60 breaths per min

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7
Q

If the baby’s heart rate remains at 60 bpm even after continuous positive pressure ventilation, what treatment is employed?

A

Epinephrine

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8
Q

If there is blood loss for the mother or the baby, what is used first, isotonic crytalloid or colloid?

A

Crystalloid

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9
Q

If there is no heartbeat despite continuous resuscitative efforts, how many minutes is allowed before stopping?

A

10 minutes

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10
Q

What is the fetal condition if there is accumulation of carbonic acid but no increase in organic acids (lactic acid and hydrobutyric acid)

A

Respiratory acidemia

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11
Q

What is the fetal condition if baby accumulates organic acids but does not accumulate carbonic acid?

A

Metabolic acidemia

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12
Q

If there is both increase in carbonic and organic acids, what is the fetal condition?

A

Mixed acedemia

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13
Q

What are the values checked for fetal metabolic acidosis?

A

Umbilica lartery pH <7 and base deficit of >12mmol/L

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14
Q

This happens when oxygen deprivation to the fetus required anaerobic metabolism for fetal cellular energy needs?

A

Metabolic acidemia

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15
Q

This acedemia occurs due to interrupted placental gas exchange with subsequent retention?

A

Respiratory acidemia

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of respiratory acidemia?

A

Umbilical cord compression

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17
Q

Metabolic acidemia is associated with what fetal complication?

A

Multi organ dysfunction

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18
Q

What is the common cause of fever intrapartum?

A

Chorioamnionitis

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19
Q

What type of multifetal gestation has problems with fetal gas exchange?

A

Monochorionic, monoamniotic

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20
Q

What drugs are given fro prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

0.5% erythromycin ointment and 1% tetracylcine ointment

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21
Q

If the mother is positive for hepatitis, what is given within 12 hours of birth to prevent vertical transmission to the baby?

A

IV Ig

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22
Q

How many hours is bathing of the baby delayed after delivery?

A

12 hrs

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23
Q

Vernix is readily absorbed and disappears after how many hours?

A

24 hours

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24
Q

How frequent should exclusive breastfeeding happen during the day and during the night?

A

every 4 hrs at day and every 6 hrs at night

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25
Q

For preterm and growth restricted babies, how many hours interval of breastfeeding is required?

A

Q3hr

26
Q

In the first 4 days, what is the breastfeeding practice that is ideal until the mother has a supply of milk?

A

5 minutes at each breast

*4th day - 10 mins each breast

27
Q

there is weight loss for the first few days after delivery, when will weight loss be regained usually?

A

10th day

28
Q

What are the contents of meconium?

A

Lanugo
Epidermal cells
Mucus
Epithelial cells from intestine

29
Q

What is physiological vs pathological jaundice?

A

Pathological - within 24 hours

Physiological - post 24 hours to 5th day of life

30
Q

The bilirubin on a newborn child is mostly conjugated or unconjugated?

A

Unconjugated (free)

31
Q

Sufficient surfactant for lung maturation is produced by what type of pneumocytes?

A

Type 2

32
Q

Mothers who have GDM are at more risk of what fetal lung condition?

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

33
Q

What is given to prevent hyaline membrane disease?

A

Surfactant and antenatal steroids

34
Q

When will corticosteroid therapy be be used to reduce respiratory distress syndrome?

A

24 weeks to 34 weeks

35
Q

What substances essential for lung maturation are missing in mothers with GDM?

A

Diphosphatidylcholine-lecithin, phosphatidylinositol and phophatidylglycerol

Esp glycerol

36
Q

At 32 - 34 weeks, which substance is higher in amnionic fluid, lecithin or sphingmyelin?

A

Lecithin

37
Q

What value of respiratory distress is indicative of increased risk for respiratory distress?

A

Below 2

38
Q

Intraventricular hemorrhage are common among infants who are?

A

Preterm

39
Q

Leukomalacia resulting from hydrocephalus increases the risk of the baby for what condition?

A

Cerebral palsy

40
Q

What action under EINC helps prevent periventricular hemorrhage?

A

Properly timed cord clamping

41
Q

What grade is intraventricular hemorrhage with parenchymal extension?

A

Grade 4

1- germinal matrix
2 - intraventricular
3 - ventricular dilatation
4 - parenchymal extension

42
Q

What intervention is done that prevents or reduce incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage?

A

Corticosteroids

43
Q

When can cerebral palsy be attributed to an intrapartum event?

A

If the affected child develops hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

44
Q

What is administered for high risk patients for neuroprotection?

A

Mag sul

Before 34 weeks

45
Q

This major type of cerebral palsy is common among preterm or low birth weight infants?

A

Diplegia

46
Q

This type of cerebral palsy is associated with mental retardation and seizure disorders?

A

Spastic quadriplegia

47
Q

This is defined as the abnormal collection of fluid in more than one area of the body such as ascites and pleural effusion, is termed hydrops fetalis?

A

Immune hydrops

48
Q

This is the usual cause of non immune hydrops?

A

Infection

49
Q

What is the treatment for non immune hydrops?

A

Indomethacin

50
Q

What is the treatment for immune hydrops to reduce the swelling?

A

Exchange transfusion

51
Q

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is caused by abnormally low levels of what substances?

A

Vit k dependent clotting factors

52
Q

Compression of the head especially when there is contracted pelvis usually result to?

A

Caput succadeum

53
Q

Involvement of the subgaleal aponeurosis and blood in the periosteum results to?

A

Caput hemorrhage

54
Q

I there is blood in the periosteum but no subgaleal involvement, there is?

A

Cephalohematoma

55
Q

This paralysis involves the nerves C5 and C6 whihc lead to paralysis of deltoid and infraspinatus and flexor muscles of the forearm?

A

Erb or Duchenne paralysis

Fingers are good

56
Q

This paralysis is characterized by flaccid hand and damage to lower plexus C8 and T1

A

Klumpke paralysis

57
Q

This syndrome is characterized by ptosis and meiosis of the affected eye?

A

Horner syndrome

58
Q

Injury of the facial nerve due to use of forceps can manifest as what condition?

A

Facial paralysis

59
Q

Most common fracture at normal birth?

A

Clavicular fracture

60
Q

What kind of fracture is usually associated with breech delivery?

A

Femoral fracture

OBSTETRICS (36 decks)

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