Pre-Class Reading Assignment for TBL 4 Flashcards
The pharynx is a..
Mucous membrane-lined, muscular tube
Pharynx location
Posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx
Pharynx function
- Conveys air from the nose to respiratory passages
- Food/fluids from the oral cavity to the esophagus
How is air forced through the pharynx?
Positive and negative changes in lung air pressure
How is food/fluids forced through the pharynx?
Propelled by peristaltic muscular contractions of the pharyngeal walls
Pharynx regions
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
What is the nasopharynx continuous with?
Nasal cavity
What is cartilaginous elevation of the lateral wall of the nasopharynx called?
Torus tubarius
What opening is in the nasopharynx?
Ostium of the auditory tube
What is the function of the auditory tube?
- Provides communication between the nasopharynx and middle ear
- Equilibrate air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
How can infections spread easily to the middle ear?
Auditory tube
Levator palati muscle location
- Pyramidal shaped fold that ends on the soft palate
- Extends inferiorly from the osmium of the auditory tube
Levator palati muscle action
Elevating the soft palate to block the nasal passage during swallowing
Pharyngeal tonsil location
Posterior superior wall of the nasopharynx
What does the soft palate divide?
Divide the superiorly located nasopharynx from the oropharynx
Palatopharyngeal arch/fold location
- Lateral wall
- Fold extending from the palatine into the pharynx
What kind of muscle is the palatopharyngeus muscle?
Longitudinal muscle
What demarcates the oropharynx posteriorly to the oral cavity?
Palatopharyngeus fold
Another name for posterior and anterior pillars?
Palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches
Lingual tonsil location
Dorsal surface of the tongue
What surrounds the valleculae?
The median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds
Epiglottis is the demarcation between the…
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Laryngopharynx borders
Epiglottic cartilage to the cricoid cartilage
Piriform recesses
Depressions near the base of the larynx that can trap poorly chewed food
Pharyngeal raphe attachment
Pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the occipital bone
Pharyngeal constrictor function
Constrict sequentially to propel food/fluids through the pharynx
Superior pharyngeal constrictor origins
- Base of the skull
- Inner surface of the mandible on the pterygomandibular raphe
Middle pharyngeal constrictor origin
- Stylohyoid ligament
- Hyoid bone
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin
Lateral surfaces of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Three longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
- Salpingopharyngeus muscle
- Palatopharyngeus muscle
- Stylopharyngeus muscle
Stylopharyngeus origin
Styloid process
Where do the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles insert together?
Posterior, superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage
What provides motor innervation to most constrictor and longitudinal muscles?
Vagus nerve
What innervates the stylopharynges muscle
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What lines the larynx?
Mucos membrane
Larynx borders
Epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid carriages importance
Vocal apparatus structure
Vocal fold location
Extends from the arytenoid cartilages to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage
Vocal fold function
Speech production
Larynx vestibule location
Epiglottis to the vestibular folds
“False” vocal folds are called
Vestibular folds
Larynx ventricle location
Below vestibular folds and above vocal folds
Larynx infraglottic cavity location
Inferior to vocal fold, above the trachea
Rima glottis
Space between the right and left vocal folds
When does the rima glottis move?
Phonation, respiration, and holding breath
Rima glottis location during phonation
Lightly opposed
Rima glottis location during respiration
Wide apart
Rima glottis location during holding of breath
Tightly shut
What moves the rima glottis?
Small laryngeal muscles that are attached to different portions of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds
Cricothyroid muscle innervation
External laryngeal nerve, CN X
What are most laryngeal muscles innervated by?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve, CN X
General sensations within the larynx is mediated by…
- Internal laryngeal branches of CN X
- Recurrent laryngeal branches of CN X
Lymph is returned to the circulatory system through…
Lymphatic vessels
Where do lymphatic vessels ultimately pass through?
- Right lymphatic duct
- Thoracic duct
Lymph nodes purpose
Act as filters to trap and phagocytose foreign substances
Submental nodes
Lower lip, mandibular incisors, and tip of tongue
Submandibular nodes
- Receive from submental nodes
- Maxillary and mandibular teeth and gingiva
- Palate
- Tongue
Superior deep cervical nodes
Receive from submittal and submandibular nodes
What node ultimately receives lymph from all points within the oral cavity and most of the head?
Superior deep cervical nodes
What is fascia?
Fibrous sheath of connective tissue that surrounds muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and organs
Fascia function
Subdivide the body into compartments in order to isolate infection or to facilitate the spread of infection from one region to another
Infections associated with the oral cavity are typically in what fascial spaces?
- Sublingual space
- Submandibular space
- Superficial space
- Masticatory space
Inefctions associated with the mandibular teeth in the sublingual and submandibular spaces have the potential to pass to the…
- Retropharyngeal space
- If infection is bad enough, it can erode the alar fascia into the danger space, then go into the mediastinum
What divides the oral cavity?
Hard palate
What does the oral cavity have communications with?
- Face
- Oropharynx
Vestibule
Area between the teeth and cheek/lips
Oral cavity proper
Region surrounded by the dental arches
Hard palate components
Portions of the maxilla and palatine bone
Nasopalatine nerve supplies the…
Incisors and canine teeth
The greater palatine nerve, artery, and vein supply the…
Hard palate near the maxillary molars and premolar teeth
The lesser palatine nerve, artery, and vein supply the…
Soft palate
Uvula
Fleshy posterior extension of the soft palate
Palatoglossal fold/arch
Most anterior fold of the soft palate
Palatopharyngeal fold/arch
Most posterior fold of the soft palate
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
In between folds
Palatoglossal fold marks the border between…
The oral cavity proper and the oropharynx
Filliform papillae
Small, sharply pointed, dorsal side
Fungiform papillae
Small, rounded, dorsal side
Foliate papillae
Rows on lateral side of tongue
Circumvallate papillae
V shaped, large
Which papillae contain taste buds?
Fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae
What papillae lack taste buds? What is their function?
- Filiform
- Touch/general sensation
Sulcus terminalis divides what?
Divides the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue
Anterior 2/3 of tongue is called
- Body of tongue
- Located in oral cavity
Posterior 1/3 of tongue is called
- Root of tongue
- Located in oropharynx
What covered the root of the tongue?
Lingual tonsils
Foramen cecum location
At the point of the sulcus terminals V
What is the foramen cecum?
Vestigial remnant of the thyroglossal duct
