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DHBS 301 > Introduction to Cardiac and Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to Cardiac and Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A
  • 4 chambers
  • Rhythmically contracting
  • Unidirectional muscular pump
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2
Q

Arteries

A

Convey blood away from heart

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3
Q

Veins

A

Return blood to the heart

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

Site of nutrient/waste exchange

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5
Q

What branches is the arterial supply to the head and neck derived from?

A
  • Common carotid aa.
  • Subclavian aa.
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6
Q

Venous drainage from the head and neck is derived from the tributaries of the…

A
  • Internal jugular v.
  • Subclavian vv.
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7
Q

Anastomosis

A

Site where two or more arteries (or veins) merge/connect to supply the same region

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8
Q

Anastomotic networks

A

Provide a collateral/alternative) source of blood supply if one of the vessels in the network becomes damaged

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9
Q

General functions of the nervous system

A
  • Integrating/coordinating incoming and outgoing signals
  • Mediating higher cognitive function
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10
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

PNS

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia

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12
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Supplies the body wall voluntary

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13
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Supplies the viscera involuntary

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14
Q

Somatic motor component

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

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15
Q

Somatic sensory component

A

Touch, pain, temperature, proprioception, etc.

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Autonomic motor component

A

Cardiac and smooth muscle, glands

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17
Q

Autonomic sensory component

A

Sensation from visceral organs

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18
Q

Axon

A

Transmits neural signals/ impulses away from the cell body

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19
Q

Dendrite

A

Carries neural signals/ impulses towards the cell body

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20
Q

Synapse

A

Region where neurons communicate with each other or effector organs

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21
Q

Neurotransmission

A
  • At synapse
  • Communcation between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ
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22
Q

What is a nerve

A

A bundle of axons coursing in the PNS

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23
Q

Neuronal cell bodies in CNS

A
  • Grey matter
  • Nucleus
24
Q

Neuronal cell bodies in PNS

A

Ganglions

25
Q

Bundle of axons in CNS

A
  • White matter
  • Fiber tract
26
Q

Bundle of axons in PNS

A

Nerve

27
Q
A
28
Q

A nerve can…

A

Convey multiple fiber types with differing functions/targets

29
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Mixed nerves that transmit both motor and sensory fibers

30
Q

Spinal cord

A

Caudal portion of the CNS, extends inferiorly from brainstem

31
Q

How many segments is the spinal cord made of?

A

31

32
Q

Spinal cord segments are defined by its associated….

A
  • Spinal nerve
  • 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
33
Q

Vertebral column

A
  • Extends from the skull to the tip of the coccyx
34
Q

How many vertebrae is the vertebral column made of?

A

33

35
Q

Where does the spinal cord sit in respect to a single vertebrae?

A

Vertebral canal

36
Q

Where does the spinal nerve exit the vertebral column?

A

Intervertebral foramen

37
Q

Dorsal root

A

Sensory fibers are conveyed to the spinal cord through here

38
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

39
Q

Dorsal and ventral primary rami

A
  • Mixed nerves
  • Convey both motor and sensory fibers
40
Q

Cervical plexus

A

Supplies neck and head

41
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Supplies upper extremities

42
Q

Sympathetic innervation

A

Mediates fight or flight

43
Q

Where does sympathetic innervation arise from?

A

Neurons in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

44
Q

Functions of sympathetic innervation?

A

Mobilize resources of the body when demands are increased

45
Q

Enteric division

A

Intrinsic nervous system of the gut

46
Q

The enteric division is derived from…

A

The motor component of the autonomic nervous system

47
Q

Parasympathetic division

A

Functions in the restoration or conservation of energy and resources

48
Q

Where does parasympathetic innervation arise from?

A

Neurons of the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord

49
Q

What innervation is a 2 neuron pathway?

A

Visceral motor innervation

50
Q

What is in the middle of a 2 neuron pathway?

A

Intervening autonomic ganglion

51
Q

Differences of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous division?

A
  • Distinct CNS organs
  • Distinct ganglia
52
Q

Similarity of the parasympathetic nervous division?

A

Same target, just opposite actions

53
Q

How does the sympathetic innervation assess structures in the head?

A

Through the sympathetic chain/trunk

54
Q

Pre-ganglion neuron

A
  • Located in CNS
  • Project their axons to autonomic ganglia in PNS to synapse
55
Q

Post-ganglionic neurons

A
  • Project their axons to the target structure
  • Examples are glands, smooth muscle, etc.
56
Q

Steps in sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system

A
  • Pre-ganglion sympathetic neurons in spinal cord (T1-L2)
  • Sympathetic chain
  • Post-ganglion sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion
  • Periarterial plexuses
  • Target structure in head
57
Q
A

DHBS 301 (21 decks)

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