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DHBS 301 > Cranial Nerves Overview > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Structural classification of nervous system

A
  • CNS: Brain and spinal cord
  • PNS: Spinal nerves and ganglia
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2
Q

Functional classification of the nervous system

A
  • Somatic nervous system, voluntary
  • Autonomic nervous system, involuntary
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3
Q

Motor component of somatic nervous system

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

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4
Q

Sensory component of somatic nervous system

A

Touch, pain, temperature, etc.

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5
Q

Motor component of autonomic nevous system

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • Cardiac and smooth muscle, glands
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6
Q

Sensor component of autonomic nervous system

A

Sensation from the viscera

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7
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A
  • Functions to mobilize resources of body when demands are increased
  • Thoracolumbar
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8
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Functions in the restoration or conservation of energy and resources, craniosacral system

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9
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system vs sympathetic nervous system

A
  • Distinct CNS origins
  • Distinct ganglia
  • Same targets, opposing actions
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10
Q

Visceral motor innervation structure

A

2-neuron pathway with an intervening ganglion

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11
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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12
Q

Somatic functions of cranial nerves

A

Provides motor and sensory innervation to somatic structures in the head and neck

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13
Q

Autonomic functions of the cranial nerves

A

Mediate sensation from the viscera and provide parasympathetic (visceral motor) innervation for visceral functions

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14
Q

Special sensory function of cranial nerves

A

Mediate vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste

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15
Q

Cranial nerves emerging from the midbrain

A

III, IV

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16
Q

Cranial nerves emerging from the pons

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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17
Q

Cranial nerves emerging from the medulla

A

IX, X, XI, XII

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18
Q

What cranial nerves do not come from the brainstem?

A

I and II

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19
Q

CN I is associated with the…

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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20
Q

CN II is associated with the…

A

Thalamus

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21
Q

What CN does not emerge from the ventral part of the brainstem/

A

CN IV Trochlear nerve

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22
Q

Sensory cranial nerves

A

I, II, VIII

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23
Q

Motor cranial nerves

A

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

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24
Q

Mixed cranial nerves

A

V, VII, IX, X

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25
Q

General/somatic sensory CNs are… What are their functions?

A
  • V, VII, IX, X
  • Sensation from the skin, joints, muscle spindles, etc.
  • Touch, pain, pressure, vibrations, etc.
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26
Q

Visceral sensory CNs are… What are their functions?

A
  • IX, X
  • Sensation from cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera
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27
Q

Special sensory CNs are… What are their functions?

A
  • I, II, VIII, VII, IX, X
  • Sensation from the specialized receptors that mediate olfaction, vision, hearing, balance, and taste
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28
Q

General somatic motor CNs are… What are their functions?

A
  • III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
    -Motor innervation skeletal muscles
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29
Q

Visceral motor CNs are… What are their functions?

A
  • Parasympathetic innervation to visceral structures
  • Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle glands
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30
Q

Jugular foramen

A

IX, X, XI

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31
Q

Internal auditory meatus

A

VII, VIII

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32
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

III, IV, V, VI

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33
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

III, IV, V1, V2, VI

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34
Q

Olfactory receptor neurons are located where? What do they respond to?

A
  • Within the olfactory mucosa of the roof of the nasal cavity
  • Respond to airborne odorant molecules
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35
Q

Where are the olfactory dendrites located?

A

Olfactory epithelium

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36
Q

Where do the olfactory nerves pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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37
Q

Damage/injury to the olfactory nerve can result in…

A

Result in olfactory deficits/lost of smell

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38
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of smell

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39
Q

How is light bent/refracted in the eye

A

By the curvatures of the cornea and the lens

40
Q

What foramen does the optic nerve go through?

A

Optic foramen in the sphenoid bone

41
Q

Optic chiasm

A
  • Some fibers cross over, some stay on the same side
  • Then continues to optic tract
42
Q

Damage of the optic nerve can result in…

A

Visual deficits or blindness

43
Q

Oculomotor nerve, CN III controls…

A
  • Medial rectus muscle
  • Superior rectus muscle
  • Inferior rectus muscle
  • Inferior oblique muscle
44
Q

What nerve controls the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

A

CN III

45
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

A

Visceral motor component, parasympathetic

46
Q

How does the Levator palpebrae superioris muscle work?

A
  • Taking parasympathetic information to ganglion in eye called ciliary ganglion
  • Signal goes to ciliary body
  • And then signal goes to the sphincter pupillae muscle
47
Q

Ciliary body

A

Lens accommodation

48
Q

Sphincter pupillae muscle

A

Pupil constriction

49
Q

CN IV

A

Superior oblique muscle

50
Q

Superior oblique muscle action

A

Depress and abduct the eye

51
Q

CN VI

A

Lateral rectus muscle

52
Q

Lateral rectus muscle action

A

Abduct the eye

53
Q

Damage to CN III, IV, or VI result in…

A

Blurred vision

54
Q

Diplopia

A

Blurred vision

55
Q

CN V cell bodies are located…

A

In the trigeminal ganglion

56
Q

CN V1

A

Ophthalmic branch

57
Q

CN V1 exits through the

A

Superior orbital fissure

58
Q

CN V1 gives rise to…

A

Sensory branches

59
Q

CN V2

A

Maxillary branch

60
Q

CN V2 exits through the

A

Foramen rotundum

61
Q

CN V2 gives rise to…

A

Sensory branches

62
Q

CN V3

A

Mandibular branch

63
Q

CN V3 gives rise to…

A

Sensory and motor branches

64
Q

CN V3 exits through the foramen ovale

A
65
Q

CN V function is…

A

Mediate sensation from the skin of face, teeth, oral, nasal, and some pharyngeal mucosa

66
Q

Motor branches of V3

A

provide motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (chewing muscles) and other muscles

67
Q

CN V2 and V3 mediation sensation from…

A

Teeth & adjacent gingiva

68
Q

Damage/injury of the overall trigeminal nerve results in…

A

Impaired sensation

69
Q

Damage/injury to motor branches of CNV3 can result in…

A
  • Masticatory muscle paralysis/weakness
  • Jaw laxity
  • Contralateral deviation of jaw at rest
70
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Facial neuropathic pain syndrome of unknown etiology by sudden shock or stabbing from the maxilla or mandible

71
Q

CN VII motor function

A

To muscles of facial expression and more

72
Q

CN VII sensory function

A

From skin of external ear

73
Q

CN VII parasympathetic function

A
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Submandibular gland
  • Sublingual gland
  • Nasal glands
  • Oral glands
  • Pharyngeal glands
74
Q

CN VII special sensory functions

A

Taste on anterior ⅔ of the tongue

75
Q

CN VII passes through the…

A

Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus in temporal bone

76
Q

Damage/lesion to CN VII result in…

A

Result in paralysis of muscles of facial expression on the side of the face

77
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Idiopathic facial paralysis

78
Q

CN IX motor function

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle in the pharynx

79
Q

CN IX parasympathetic function

A

Parotid gland

80
Q

CN IX general sensory function

A

Posterior ⅓ of tongue and skin of ear

81
Q

CN IX special sensory function

A

For taste on posterior ⅓ of the tongue

82
Q

CN IX visceral sensory function

A

From carotid body and carotid sinus

83
Q

CN IX is located…

A

Transverse along the jugular foramen with internal jugular vein

84
Q

CN X motor function

A

Goes to most muscles of the plate, pharynx, and larynx

85
Q

CN X parasympathetic function

A

Goes to thoracic and abdominal viscera

86
Q

CN X sensory function

A

From skin of ear, pharynx, and larynx

87
Q

CN X special sensory functions

A

For taste on epiglottis

88
Q

CN X visceral sensory function

A

From cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera

89
Q

CN X is located…

A

Transverse along the jugular foramen with internal jugular vein

90
Q

CN XI has components from the…

A

Medulla and spine (C1-C5)

91
Q

Spinal component of CN XI enters the cranial cavity through the…

A

Foramen magnum

92
Q

The spinal component and cranial component of CN XI exit the skull through…

A

The jugular foramen

93
Q

CN XI motor innervation

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid - trapezius muscles
94
Q

CN XII exits through the…

A

Hypoglossal foramen

95
Q

CN XII goes to the

A

Anterior cervical triangle into the oral cavity

96
Q

CN XII motor innervation

A

Tongue musculature (all the muscles of the tongue

DHBS 301 (21 decks)

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