Exam 2 Key Points Flashcards
What goes through the foramen ovale?
- CN V3
- Accessory meningeal artery
Is CN V3 sensory, motor, or mixed?
Mixed nerve
What goes through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
Where is the pterygomaxillary fissure?
Opening between the infratemporal fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa
What goes through the pterygomaxillary fissure?
- Maxillary artery
- Posterior superior nerve, artery, and vein
What attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible?
Temporalis muscle
What is the function of the head of the condylar process of the mandible?
TMJ articular surface
What attaches to the pterygoid fovea on the neck of the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid muscle
What attaches to the angle of the mandible?
- Medial pterygoid muscle
- Masseter muscle
- Stylomandibular ligament
What attaches to the ramus of the mandible?
- Masseter muscle
- Medial pterygoid muscle
What attaches to the lingula of the mandible
Sphenomandibular ligament
What goes through the mandibular foramen/canal?
Inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein
What goes through the mylohyoid groove?
Mylohyoid nerve, artery, and vein
What goes through the mental foramen?
Mental nerve, artery, and vein
What artery passes through the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament to get to the infratemporal fossa?
Maxillary artery
The maxillary artery either courses deep or superficial to what muscle in the infratemporal fossa?
Lateral pterygoid muscle
How does the maxillary artery exit the infratempora fossa?
Pterygomaxillary fissure
What is the counterpart of the maxillary artery?
Pterygoid plexus of veins
What does the pterygoid plexus of veins communicate with?
- Cavernous sinus
- Facial vein
- Ophthalmic vein
Where is the inferior alveolar nerve found in the infratemporal fossa?
- Medial to the ramus of the mandible
- Lateral surface of the medial pterygoid muscle
What foramen and canal does the inferior alveolar nerve pass through?
Mandibular foramen and mandibular canal
What does the inferior alveolar nerve innervate?
Mandibular teeth
Is the inferior alveolar nerve a sensory, motor, or mixed nerve?
Mixed nerve
What are the two branches of the inferior alveolar nerve?
- Mylohyoid branch
- Mental branch
Is the mylohyoid branch a sensory, motor, or mixed nerve?
Motor nerve
Is the mental branch a sensory, motor, or mixed nerve?
Sensory nerve
What does the mylohyoid branch innervate?
- Mylohyoid muscle
- Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
What does the mental branch mediate?
Sensation on the labial gingiva adjacent to the mandibular canines
Is the long buccal nerve a a sensory, motor, or mixed nerve?
Sensory
What does the long buccal nerve innervate?
Sensory to the buccal gingiva adjacent tot he mandibular molars
What CN is the chorda tympani nerve from?
Facial nerve, CN VII
What special sensory innervation does the chorda tympani nerve have?
Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
What parasympathetic innervation does the chorda tympani nerve have?
Submandibular and sublingual glands
What branch of CN V3 does the chorda tympani nerve join to get to the oral cavity?
Lingual nerve
What CN is the lingual nerve a branch of?
CN V3
What CN is the lesser petrosal nerve a branch of?
Glossopharyngeal, CN IX
What CN is the posterior superior alveolar nerve a branch of?
CN V2
How does the posterior superior alveolar nerve enter the infratemporal fossa?
Pterygomaxillary fissure
What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve innervate?
- Maxillary molar teeth and adjacent gingiva
- Maxillary sinus
Is the otic ganglion sympathetic or parasympathetic?
Parasympathetic
Stylomandibular ligament attachments?
- Styloid process of temporal
- Angle of the mandible
Sphenomandibular ligament attachments?
- Spine of sphenoid
- Lingula of mandible
Is the sphenomandibular ligament medial or lateral to the TMJ joint capsule?
Medial
The head of the mandible articulates with the articular disc is what compartment?
Inferior synovial compartment
Where do hinge and rotational movements of the TMJ take place at?
Inferior synovial compartment
Where do gliding actions of the TMJ take place at?
Superior synovial compartment
Where does the mandibular fossa or articular eminence articulate with the articular disc at?
Superior synovial cavity
What mediates sensation from the TMJ?
Auriculotemporal nerve, CN V3
Translation of the TMJ must occur for what to happen?
For the jaw to open widely
All muscles of mastication receive motor innervation from branches of…
CN V3
Lateral pterygoid muscle, superior head origin?
Infratemporal surface of sphenoid
Lateral pterygoid muscle, inferior head origin?
Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Lateral pterygoid muscle insertion?
- Articular disc of TMJ
- Pterygoid fova
Lateral pterygoid muscle action?
- Protrusion
- Depression
What muscle has an effect on contralateral deviation?
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle, superficial head origin?
Maxillary tuberosity
Medial pterygoid muscle, deep head origin
Medial side of the lateral pterygoid plate
Medial pterygoid muscle insertion?
Medial aspect of the angle and ramus of the mandible
Medial pterygoid muscle action?
- Elevate
- Protrude
- Retraction
Temporalis muscle origin?
Temporal fossa
What bones make up the temporal fossa?
- Temporal
- Sphenoid
- Parietal
- Frontal
Temporalis muscle insertion?
Coronoid process of mandible
Temporalis muscle actions?
- Elevation
- Retrusion
What muscles of mastication protrude the mandible?
- Lateral pterygoid
- Masseter, supeficial head
- Medial pterygoid
What muscles of mastication retrude the mandible?
- Temporalis
- Masseter, deep head
What muscles of mastication depress the mandible?
- Lateral pterygoid
- Gravity
What muscles of mastication elevate the mandible?
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Medial pterygoid
What makes up the nasal septum?
- Vomer
- Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
- Septal cartilage
What bones form the lateral nasal wall?
- Ethmoid
- Maxilla
- Palatine
- Inferior concha
What are the boney projections in the lateral nasal wall?
Concha
What are meatuses?
Spaces in-between concha
What is the function of the nasal mucosa?
- Olfaction
- Respiration
What provides arterial supply to the nasal septum and lateral nasal walls?
- Facial artery
- Ophthalmic artery
- Maxillary artery
What is the point of rich anastomosis on the nasal septum that is a common source for nosebleeds?
Kiesselbach’s plexus
What anastomosis occurs in the incisive canal?
- Spehnopalatine artery
- Great palatine artery
What 3 nerves innervate the nasal septum and lateral nasal wall?
- CN 1
- CN V1
- CN V2
What nerve goes through the incisive canal?
Nasopalatine
What does the nasopalatine nerve do?
Mediate general sensation on the anterior most part of the hard palate
What sinus is situation immediate inferior to the orbit and lateral to the nasal cavity?
Maxillary sinus
The roots of the maxillary teeth can penetrate the floor of what sinus?
Maxillary sinus
What courses within a ridge in the roof of the maxillary sinus?
Infraorbital nerve, artery, and vein
All three nerves that mediate sensation from the maxillary teeth course along…
The walls of the maxillary sinus on their decent to the tooth roots
What foramen relates to the pterygopalatine fossa?
Foramen rotumdrum, CN V2
What does the palatine canal carry?
- Descending palatine artery
- Greater palatine nerve
- Lesser palatine nerve
What goes through the greater palatine foramen?
Greater palatine nerve, artery, and vein
What goes through the lesser palatine foramen?
Lesser palatine nerve, artery, and vein
What goes through the sphenopalatine foramen?
- Nasopalatine nerve
- Sphenopalatine artery
What goes through the pterygoid canal?
Nerve of the pterygoid canal
What goes through the pharyngeal canal?
Pharyngeal nerve, artery, and vein
What goes through the inferior orbital fissure?
Infraorbital nerve, artery, and vein
Overall, what does V2 give general sensation to?
- Palate
- Nasal/paranasal sinuses
- Pharyngeal mucosa
- Maxillary teeth and adjacent gingiva
What nerves branch off of the infraorbital nerve?
- Anterior superior alveolar nerve
- Middle superior alveolar nerve
What is the palatoglossus origin?
Palate
What is the styloglossus origin?
Styloid process
What is the salpingopharyngeus origin?
Cartilaginous auditory tube
What do all three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert into?
Thyroid cartilage
What is the palatoglossus muscle innervated by?
Vagus nerve
What is the stylopharyngess muscle innervated by?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What are most muscles of the pharynx and soft palate innervated by?
Vagus nerve
Superior constrictor muscle origin?
Pterygomandibular raphe
Middle constrictor muscle origin?
Hyoid bone
Inferior constrictor muscle origin?
Thyroid and cricoid cartilages
What is the common insertion for all 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Midline of the pharyngeal raphe, which then attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle
What is the tensor palati innervated by?
CN V3
What is the only complete cartilaginous ring in the body?
Cricoid cartilage
What is the ventricle of the larynx?
Space between the vestibular and vocal folds
What is the rima glottidis?
Space between the left and right vocal folds
What muscle abducts the vocal folds?
Posterior cricoartyenoid muscle
What provides sensory and motor innervation to the larynx?
Vagus nerve
What are enlarged lymph nodes a sign of?
Infection or tumor drainage
Submental nodes receive lymph from the…
Tongue
What does the submental nodes drain into?
Submandibular nodes
What do the submandibular nodes receive lymph from?
- Max and mandibular teeth and gingiva
- Oral palate
- Tongue/submental nodes
Where does the submandibular nodes drain into?
Superior deep cervical nodes
The superior deep cervical nodes generally receive lymph from all structures….
Anterior to the mastoid process and all the way to the front of the face
Any inflammation in the head, nasal cavity, or oral cavity will show up as an enlargement of what nodes?
Superior deep cervical nodes
Infections typically spread through…
The path of least resistance
Maxillary teeth drainage
Can be contained in superficial space
Mandibular teeth drainage above the mylohyoid
Sublingual space, submandibular space, lateral pharyngeal, retro pharyngeal, danger space, mediastinum
Mandibular teeth drainage below the mylohyoid
Submandibular space, lateral pharyngeal, retro pharyngeal, danger space, mediastinum
Masticatory space drainage
Usually contained but can erode into lateral pharyngeal, retro pharyngeal, danger space, mediastinum
What provides motor innervation to most of the tongue musculature?
Hypoglossal nerve
What innervates the palatoglossus muscle?
Vagus nerve
What provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Lingual nerve
What provides general sensory innervation to the posterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal
What provides general sensory innervation to the epiglottis/vallecula?
Vagus nerve
What provides taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Chorda tympani
What provides taste innervation to the posterior 2/3 of the tongue
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What provides innervation to the palate?
- Greater palatine nerve
- Lesser palatine nerve
Parotid gland location
Side of the face
Parotid gland delivers it’s secretion into the oral cavity via
Parotid duct
The parotid duct pierces what muscle?
Buccinator muscle
Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?
Vestibular gingiva adjacent to 2nd maxillary molars
Submandibular gland location
Wraps around the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle
The submandibular gland enters it’s secretions into the oral cavity via the…
Sumandibualr duct at the sublingual caruncle
Sublingual gland location
Sublingual region of oral cavity proper
Sublingual gland produces secretions into the oral cavity via…
Multiple short ducts in the floor of the oral cavity
The hypoglossal nerve and lingual nerve both course lateral to the…
Hyoglossus muscle in the sublingual region
Preganglionic fibers of the parotid gland
CN IX, glossopharyngeal nerve
Ganglion of the parotid gland
Otic gland
Post ganglionic fibers of the parotid gland
Auriculotemporal nerve
Preganglionic fibers of the submandibular and sublingual glands
Chorda tympani of the facial nerve, joins with the lingual nerve
Submandibular and sublingual glands ganglion
Submandibular ganglion
Postganglionic fibers of the submandibular and sublingual glands
Directly into submandibular gland or into the sublingual gland via the lingual nerve
Preganglionic fibers of the nasal, paranasal, oral/palatal, and pharyngeal mucosa
CN VII, greater petrosal nerve of the facial nerve
Ganglion of the nasal, paranasal, oral/palatal, and pharyngeal mucosa
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Post ganglionic of the nasal, paranasal, oral/palatal, and pharyngeal mucos
- Most of V2
- Lacrimal branch of V1
