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DHBS 301 > Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is in the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal cavity
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
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2
Q

What is in the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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3
Q

Is the pharynx part of the digestive system?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Larynx borders

A
  • Pharynx
  • Trachea
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5
Q

Larynx functions

A
  • Conducts air
  • Prevents food from entering trachea
  • Produces sound
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6
Q

Phonation

A

Sound producing

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7
Q

What is the only complete ring of cartilage in the body?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

What cartilage has the laryngeal prominence?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

Epiglottis function

A

Valve to allow the passage of food into the esophagus

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10
Q

During swallowing, where is the epiglottis?

A

Closes the laryngeal opening

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11
Q

What attaches to and aids the movement of the vocal folds?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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12
Q

What is the cricothyroid membrane an important landmark for?

A

Establishing an airway in a life saving emergency, called a cricothyrotomy

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13
Q

Rima glottidis

A

Space between the right and left vocal ligaments and folds

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14
Q

Muscles of the larynx function

A

Movement of the vocal ligaments and folds to alter the size and shape of the rims glottidis

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15
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

A

Move the cartilages to abduct, adduct, tense, or relax the vocal folds/ligaments

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16
Q

Where do the vocal ligaments span?

A

From the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages

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17
Q

What is the only muscle that works to abduct the vocal cords to open the rims glottidis?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

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18
Q

What adducts the vocal cords?

A
  • Arytenoid muscle
  • Lateral cricoartenoid muscle
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19
Q

Arytenoid muscle function

A
  • Pulls arytenoid cartilages together medially
  • Addduct vocal cords
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20
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle function

A
  • Rotate arytenoid cartilages
  • Adduct vocal cords
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21
Q

Cricothyroid muscle action

A

Tilts the thyroid cartilage forward to lengthen the vocal cords

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22
Q

Thyroarytenoid muscle action

A

Pulls arytenoid cartilages closer to the thyroid cartilage to shorten the vocal cords

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23
Q

What primary provides sensory and motor innervation to the larynx?

A

Vagus nerve

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24
Q

What provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External laryngeal nerve

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25
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates…

A

Motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid muscle

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26
Q

What provides sensory innervation above the vocal folds?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

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27
Q

What provides sensory innervation below the vocal folds?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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28
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under?

A

Subclavian artery

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29
Q

What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under?

A

Arch of the aorta

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30
Q

Where do the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from?

A

Vagus nerve

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31
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve course?

A
  • Tracheosophageal groove
  • Deep to thyroid
  • Larynx
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32
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

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33
Q

Where does the trachea start?

A

Inferior to the cricoid cartilage

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34
Q

The trachea is comprised of how many C shaped cartilages? What is their function?

A
  • 15-20
  • Make it rigid for airway
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35
Q

Where does the trachea extend into?

A

Mediastinum of the thoracic cavity

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36
Q

Trachea bifurcation

A

Parts into left and right primary bronchi at the carina

37
Q

Where is the pharynx relative to the larynx?

A

Posterior

38
Q

Superior constrictor muscle origin

A

Pharyngeal tubercle

39
Q

What bone is the pharyngeal tubercle located on?

A

Occipital

40
Q

What bone is the pterygoid hamalus on?

A

Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

41
Q

What serves as a sling for the tensor veil palatini muscle?

A

Pterygoid hamalus

42
Q

What goes through the pharynx?

A
  • Food and fluid
  • Air
43
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
44
Q

Pharynx location relative to the vertebral column?

A

Immediately anterior

45
Q

Nasopharynx location

A
  • Posterior to nasal cavity
  • Superior to soft palate
46
Q

Nasopharynx function

A

Conduct air between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx

47
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils location

A

Roof of the nasopharynx

48
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils are part of the…

A

Wanderer’s ring of lymphoid tissue

49
Q

What is the tubal tonsil?

A

Collection of lymphatic tissue surrounding the opening to the auditory tube

50
Q

The nasopharynx connects to what structure? Through what?

A

Middle ear through the auditory tube

51
Q

Why does the nasopharynx connect to the middle ear?

A

Equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere

52
Q

What does the torus tubarius surround?

A

Auditory tube

53
Q

What does the salpingopharyngeal fold overlies?

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle

54
Q

Is the salpingopharyngeus muscle longitudinal or constrictor muscle?

A

Longitudinal

55
Q

What does the soft palate do during swallowing?

A

Elevates and closes off the nasopharynx

56
Q

What is the boundary between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?

A

Soft palate

57
Q

How does the soft palatal musculature act on the middle ear?

A

Opens the auditory tube when swelling to equalize pressure

58
Q

What innervates the tensor veil palatini?

A

CN V3

59
Q

What innervates the elevator veil palatini?

A

Vagus nerve

60
Q

Tensor veil palatini origin

A

Scaphoid fossa

61
Q

Tensor veil palatini insertion

A

Palatine aponeurosis, posterior aspect of the hard palate

62
Q

Levator veil palatini origin

A

Cartilaginous auditory tube and inferior surface of the temporal bone

63
Q

Tensor veil palatini and levator veil palatini function

A

Elevate the palate to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

64
Q

What does the tensor veil palatini wrap around?

A

Hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate

65
Q

The soft palate receives motor innervation primarily from the…

A

Vagus nerve

66
Q

Oropharynx location

A

Soft palate to the hyoid

67
Q

What tonsils are in Waldeyer’s ring?

A
  • Pharyngeal tonsils
  • Tubal tonsils
  • Palatine tonsils
  • Lingual tonsils
68
Q

Laryngopharynx location

A

Hyoid bone to the larynx

69
Q

Piriform recess surrounds…

A
  • Laryngeal orifice
  • Food gets trapped here
70
Q

Where do all 3 longitudinal muscles insert at?

A

Thyroid cartilage

71
Q

Salpingopharyngeus muscle origin?

A

Auditory tube

72
Q

Palatopharyngeus muscle origin

A

Palate

73
Q

Stylopharyngus muscle origin

A

Styoid process

74
Q

Longitudinal pharyngeal muscle function

A

Elevate the larynx during swallowing and open the auditory tube

75
Q

Stylopharyngus muscle motor innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

76
Q

Common insertion of all 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Pharyngeal raphe, which attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the skull

77
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin?

A

Pterygomandibular raphe

78
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin?

A

Hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament

79
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin?

A

Cricoid and thyroid cartilage

80
Q

Primary motor innervation to the pharynx and soft palate?

A

Vagus

81
Q

Primary sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A
  • CN V3
  • CN IX
  • CN X
82
Q

How does food move down the esophagus?

A

Peristaltic contractions

83
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter function

A

Regulates passage of bolus from the pharynx to the esophagus

84
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter function

A

Regulates the passage of bolus from the esophagus to the stomach

85
Q

Which spinster plays a role in preventing the reflux of gastric contents?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter function

86
Q

The esophagus passes through what to enter the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm at T10

87
Q

What phases of swallowing are involuntary?

A

Pharyngeal and esophageal

88
Q

What phase of swallowing is voluntary?

A

Oral

DHBS 301 (21 decks)

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