Pre-Class Reading Assignment for TBL 1 Flashcards
Cranial nerves are part of the CNS or PNS?
PNS
Most of the cranial nerves emerge from where on the brainstem?
Ventral aspect
What are functional components?
General sensory, special sensory, visceral sensory, general motor, visceral motor
What are fiber components
Sensory only, motor only, mixed nerves
What are the three organization locations of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla
CN I, olfactory nerve functional components
Special sensory
CN II, optic nerve functional components
Special sensory
CN III, oculomotor nerve functional components
General motor and visceral motor
CN IV, trochlear nerve functional components
General motor
CN V, trigeminal nerve functional components
General sensory and general motor
CN VI, abducens nerve functional components
General motor
CN VII, facial nerve functional components
- General sensory
- Special sensory
- General motor
- Visceral motor
CN VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve functional components
Special sensory
CN IX, glossopharyngeal nerve functional components
- General somatic
- Special sensory
- Visceral sensory
- General motor
- Visceral motor
CN X, vagus nerve functional components
- General sensory
- Special sensory
- Visceral sensory
- General motor
- Visceral motor
CN XI, accessory nerve functional components
General motor
CN XII, hypoglossal nerve functional components
General motor
Nerves with fiber components of sensory only
- CN I, olfactory nerve
- CN II, Optic nerve
- CN VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve
Nerves with fiber components of motor only
- CN III, oculomotor nerve
- CN IV, trochlear nerve
- CN VI, abducens nerve
- CN XI, accessory nerve
- CN XII, hypoglossal nerve
Nerves with fiber components of mixed nerves
- CN V, trigeminal nerve
- CN VII, facial nerve
- CN IX, glossopharyngeal nerve
- CN x, vagus nerve
Nerves that originate from the midbrain
- CN III, oculomotor nerve
- CN IV, trochlear nerve
Nerves that originate from the pons
- CN V, trigeminal nerve
- CN VI, abducens nerve
- CN VII, facial nerve
- CN VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve
Nerves that originate from the medulla
- CN IX, glossopharyngeal nerve
- CN x, vagus nerve
- CN XI, accessory nerve
- CN XII, hypoglossal nerve
What is the demarcation between the anterior and posterior cervical triangles?
SCM
What forms the posterior edge of the posterior cervical triangle?
Trapezius muscle
What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?
- Body of the mandible
- SCM
What does the hyoid bone do?
- Forms a base for the tongue
- Suspends the larynx
Does the hyoid bone articulate with any other bone?
No
How is the hyoid bone suspended?
Only by musculature and ligaments
Laryngeal prominence
- Thyroid cartilage comes to a point
- Adam’s apple
Cricothyroid membrane importance
- Safe area to form emergency tracheostomy
- To relieve a potentially fatal airway blockage
Platysma muscle
- Superficial muscle
- Contributes to facial expression
Platysma muscle origin?
Lower margin of the mandible
Platysma muscle insertion?
Skin of the neck
What artery goes through the submandibular gland?
Facial artery
What forms the floor of the mouth?
- Mylohyoid muscle
- Mandible
- Digastric muscle
The submandibular glands wraps around what muscle?
Mylohyoid muscle
What is enclosed in the carotid sheath?
- Vagus nerve
- Common carotid artery
- Internal jugular vein
Ansa cervicales
Loop of nerve that come from the cervical plexus
The ansa cervicales innervates…
- Motor innervation to infra hyoid muscles
What infra hyoid muscle is not innervated by the ansa cervicales?
Thyrohyoid muscle
The root of the ansa cervicales “piggybacks” what nerve?
Hypoglossal nerve
What are the borders of the posterior cervical triangle?
- SCM
- Trapezius muscle
- Clavicle
Trapezius origin?
Superior nuchal lines and external occipital protuberance
Trapezius insertion?
- Scapula
- Clavicle
Trapezius action?
Elevate shoulder
SCM origin?
- Sternum
- Clavicle
Muscles in the posterior cervical triangle?
- SCM
- Trapezius
- Inferior belly of the omohyoid
- Splenius
- Levator scapulae
- Scalene muscles
SCM insertion?
- Mastoid process of the temporal
What plexus can be seen in the posterior cervical triangle?
Brachial plexus
The accessory nerve (CN XI) innervates which muscles?
- Trapezius
- SCM
What are some of the branches of the cervical plexus to mediate sensation in the head and neck?
- Transverse cervical nerve
- Great auricular nerve
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Supraclavicular nerves
What are the important visceral structures in the root of the neck?
- Thyroid and parathyroid glands
- Trachea
- Esophagus
Muscles that are in the root of the neck include…
- Splenius captious muscle
- Levator scapulae muscle
- Scalene muscles
- Prevertebral muscles
Interscalene triangle
Between middle and anterior scalene muscle
Important nervous structures found in the root of the neck include…
- Vagus nerve
- Phrenic nerve
- Sympathetic chain w/cervical ganglia
- Parts of the brachial plexus
Where do the recurrent laryngeal branches come from?
Vagus nerve
What structure does the right laryngeal nerve loop around?
Right subclavian artery
What structure does the left laryngeal nerve loop around?
Goes inferiorly to loop around the aortic arch
What nerve innervates the anterior scalene muscle?
Phrenic nerve
Sympathetic trunk is located…
- Behind carotid sheath
- Anterior surface of the vertebrae
What is in the cervical sympathetic ganglia
Cell bodies of sympathetic neurons
Muscles of facial expression insert into…
Skin
Facial nerve provides motor innervation to…
Muscles of facial expression
Bell’s palsy
Result to damage to the facial nerve
The trigeminal nerve mediates…
General sensory cutaneous innervation to the face
CN V1
Ophthalmic division
CN V1 foramen
Supraorbital foramen
What nerve comes from the ophthalmic division of CN V1?
Supraorbital nerve
What does the supraorbital nerve innervate, generally speaking?
Skin of the forehead and scalp
What nerve comes from maxillary division of CN V2?
Infraorbital nerve
CN V2
Maxillary division
CN V2 foramen?
Infraorbital foramen
What does the infraorbital nerve innervate, generally speaking?
Skin of the upper lip and cheek
What nerves comes from the mandibular division of CN V3?
- Mental nerve
- Long buccal nerve
CN V3
Mandibular division
What does the mental nerve innervate, generally speaking?
Skin of the lower lip, chin, and jaw
What foramen does the CN V3 go through?
Mental foramen
Is the long buccal nerve sensory or motor?
Sensory branches
What would damage to the CNV cause?
Numbness in the affected areas of the face without affecting movement
CNV
Long buccal nerve
Do some branches of the mandibular division convey motor fibers?
- Yes
- Specifically those who supply muscles for mastication
What is the largest muscle of mastication?
Temporalis muscle
What is the largest salivary gland?
Parotid gland
What structure does the parotid gland wrap around?
Posterior border of the ramus of the mandible
Parotid duct goes through what muscle?
Buccinator muscle
Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?
Opposite to the second maxillary molar
What foramen does the facial nerve go through?
Stylomastoid foramen
What nerve goes through the parotid gland?
Facial nerve
What does external carotid artery divides into at the bed of the parotid gland
- Superficial temporal artery
- Maxillary artery
What artery does the transverse facial artery come from?
Superficial temporal artery
Where does the maxillary artery come from?
External carotid artery
What forms the retromandibular vein?
- Maxillary veins
- Superficial temporal vein
What does the retromandibular vein drains into?
External jugular vein
What are the four muscles of mastication?
- Masseter
- Temporalis muscle
- Medial pterygoid muscle
- Lateral pterygoid muscle
Masseter origin?
Zygomatic arch
Masseter insertion?
- Lateral aspect of the coronoid process
- Ramus of the mandible
Masseter action?
Elevate mandible
Masseter innervation?
Masseteric nerve from the CN V3
Temporalis muscle origin
- Temporal fossa
- Temporal lines
Temporalis insertion?
Coronoid process of the mandible
Temporalis action?
Elevate mandible, retract mandible
Temporalis innervation?
Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves
