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DHBS 301 > Pre-Class Reading Assignment for TBL 2 > Flashcards

Pre-Class Reading Assignment for TBL 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal pole of the brain

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2
Q

What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
  • Ethmoid
  • Frontal
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3
Q

What nerve goes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?

A

CN I, olfactory nerve

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4
Q

Role of the orbit plates in the skull?

A
  • Forms floor of the anterior cranial fossa
  • Forms roof of the orbit
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5
Q

What structure is in the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • Temporal lobe
  • Pituitary gland
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6
Q

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • Body and greater wing of the sphenoid
  • Temporal bone, petrous portion
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7
Q

Chiasmatic groove

A
  • Leads to the optic foramen
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8
Q

Optic foramen

A
  • CN II, optic nerve
  • Ophthalmic artery
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9
Q

What houses the pituitary gland?

A

Sella turcica

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10
Q

What forms the ssuperior orbital fissure?

A

Gap between lesser and greater wing of the sphenoid

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11
Q

Superior orbital fissure?

A
  • CN III, oculomotor nerve
  • CN IV, trochlear nerve
  • CN V1, ophthalmic division of trigeminal
  • CN VI, abducens nerve
  • Ophthalmic veins
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12
Q

Where do the branches of the trigeminal branch come from?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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13
Q

CN V1 foramen

A

Superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

CN V2 foramen

A

Foramen rotundum

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15
Q

CN V3 foramen

A

Foramen ovale

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16
Q

Accessory meningeal artery foramen

A

Foramen ovale

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17
Q

Deep petrosal nerve foramen

A

Foramen ovale

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18
Q

What goes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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19
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

A

Dural coverings of the brain

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20
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery go?

A

Lateral aspect of the cranial vault, along the tin squamous portion of the temporal bone

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21
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery pass through?

A

Carotid canal, turns anteriorly, then goes through the carotid groove

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22
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A
  • Anterior and middle regions of the brain
  • Orbit
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23
Q

What passes through the cavernous venous sinus?

A
  • Internal carotid artery
  • Trigeminal ganglion
  • Ophthalmic divison, CN V1
  • Maxillary division, CN V3
  • Trochlear nerve
  • Oculomotor nerve
    _ Abducens nerve
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24
Q

Clinical considerations for the dural venous sinuses

A
  • Maxillary regions of the face and oral cavity and spread to the brain through here
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25
Q

What divides the middle cranial fossa and posterior cranial fossa?

A

Superior petrosal ridge

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26
Q

What is housed in the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
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27
Q

What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Temporal bone
  • Occipital bones
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28
Q

Where is the foramen magnum located?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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29
Q

Where is the internal acoustic meatus located?

A

Petrous temporal bone

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30
Q

What goes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • CN VII
  • CN VIII
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31
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein exit the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

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32
Q

What nerves exit through the jugular foramen?

A
  • CN IX
  • CN X
  • CN XI
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33
Q

Where does CN XII exit the skull?

A

Hypoglossal foramen

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34
Q

What goes through the foramen magnum?

A
  • Spinal cord
  • Vertebral arteries
  • Spinal contribution of the accessory nerve CN XI
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35
Q

Confluens of sinuses

A

Blood from the meninges drain here on the occiput

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36
Q

What does the confluens of sinuses flow into?

A

Left or right transverse venous sinuses

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37
Q

Where does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

A

Internal jugular vein

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38
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer layer of the dura matter that is continuous with the periosteum

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39
Q

Dural reflections

A
  • Invagination of the inner layer of dura mater
  • Compartmentalize the cranial cavity
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40
Q

Falx cerebri location

A
  • Midsagittal
  • In between left and right cerebral hemispheres
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41
Q

Tentorium cerebelli location

A
  • Horizontal
  • On top of cerebellum
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42
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Filled with CSF

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43
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

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44
Q

CSF flow

A
  • Choroid plexus
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Arachnoid granulations
  • Dural venous sinuses
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45
Q

What reabsorbs CSF into venous circulation

A

Arachnoid granulations

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46
Q

Superior sagittal sinus location

A
  • Midline
  • Just under the sagittal suture
47
Q

What does the superior sagittal sinus drain into

A

Confluens of sinuses

48
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus location

A

Below falx cerebri

49
Q

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus indirectly drain into? How

A
  • Confluens of sinuses
  • Goes through the straight sinus first
50
Q

Occipital sinus location

A

Midline of occipital bone

51
Q

What does the occipital sinus drain into?

A

Confluens of sinuses

52
Q

Where does blood go after the confluens of sinuses?

A
  • Left or right transverse venous sinuses
  • Sigmoid sinus
  • Internal jugular vein
53
Q

What artery does the internal carotid artery come from?

A

Common carotid artery

54
Q

What does the internal carotid supply?

A
  • Anterior and middle parts of the cerebrum
  • Orbit
55
Q

Where does the vertebral arteries come from?

A

Subclavian artery

56
Q

How do vertebral arteries reach the brain?

A
  • Go through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae
  • Foramen magnum
57
Q

What do two vertebral arteries branch into in the brain?

A

Basilar arteries

58
Q

What do basilar arteries supply?

A
  • Posterior cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
59
Q

The circle of Willis provides…

A

Collateral circulation

60
Q

External ear function

A

Collection and conduction of sound waves

61
Q

Middle ear functions

A
  • Translation and conversion of sound waves into mechanical energy
  • Vibrations of membranes and bones
62
Q

Inner ear functions

A

Transduction of mechanical energy to nervous impulse n the cochlea for auditory processing

63
Q

Vestibular apparatus/semicircular canal function

A

Sense of balance

64
Q

External opening of the ear

A

External auditory meatus

65
Q

Tympanic membrane separates which structures?

A

External ear and middle ear

66
Q

Helix

A

Bigger and more superior fold in ear/auricle

67
Q

Antihelix

A

Shorter and inner fold

68
Q

Tragus

A

Round bump in front of the external acoustic meatus

69
Q

Antitragus

A

Smaller pump and across from tragus

70
Q

Intertragic notch

A

Groove between tragus and antitragus

71
Q

How are sound waves transmitted through the ossicles?

A
  • Malleus
  • Incus
  • Stapes
72
Q

What ossicle directly touches the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

73
Q

How are vibrations conducted from the middle to inner ear?

A

Oval window

74
Q

What ossicle touches the oval window?

A

Stapes

75
Q

What separates the middle and inner ear

A

Oval window

76
Q

What muscles are located in the inner ear? Function?

A
  • Stapedius muscle
  • Tensor tympani muscle
  • Dampen vibrations
77
Q

Auditory tube/Eustachian location

A

Nasopharynx to middle ear

78
Q

Auditory tube/Eustachian function

A
  • Equalize the pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane
  • Drain mucus from the middle ear
79
Q

What are the main structures in the inner ear?

A

Cochlea and semicircular canals

80
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve come from? What foramen does it go through?

A
  • Pons
  • Internal acoustic meatus
81
Q

What structures do the vestibulocochlear nerve mediates?

A

Cochlea and semicircular canals

82
Q

Sclera

A

White of the eye

83
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent, on top of sclera

84
Q

What is the colored muscle of the eye?

A

Iris

85
Q

What is the central circular space of the eye called?

A

Pupil

86
Q

Where do incoming light rays enter the eye? What transduces them into nervous impulses?

A
  • Pupil
  • Photoreceptor cells, including rods and cones
87
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane

88
Q

Lacrimal caruncle

A

Tear accumulation occurs here

89
Q

Canthi/palpebrae

A

Eyelids

90
Q

What goes through the supraorbital foramen?

A

Supraorbital neurovascular bundle, V1

91
Q

Where does V1 go to?

A

Forehead and scalp

92
Q

Where are tears generated?

A

Lacrimal gland

93
Q

Tear fluid flow

A
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Spead over conjunctiva and cornea
  • Lacrimal caruncle
  • Lacrimal puncta
  • Lacrimal canaliculi
  • Lacrimal sac
  • Nasolacrimal duct
94
Q

Parasympathetic regulation of the lacrimal gland secretions is mediated by the…

A

Facial nerve

95
Q

Superior oblique muscle innervation

A

Trochlear nerve, CN IV

96
Q

Superior rectus muscle innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve, CN III

97
Q

Lateral rectus muscle innervation

A

Abducens nerve, CN VI

98
Q

Medial rectus innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve, CN III

99
Q

Inferior rectus muscle innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve, CN III

100
Q

Inferior oblique muscle innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve, CN III

101
Q

Special sensory nerves

A
  • CN I
  • CN II
  • CN VIII
102
Q

Motor only nerves

A
  • CN III
  • CN IV
  • CN VI
  • CN XI
  • CN XII
103
Q

Mixed nerves

A
  • CN V
  • CN VII
  • CN IX
  • CN X
104
Q

Does the oculomotor provide parasympathetic or sympathetic motor input? Why?

A

Parasympathetic to mediate pupil constriction and lens accommodation

105
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation of muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

106
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression
?

A

Facial nerve

107
Q

What three nerves mediate taste and provide parasympathetic input to visceral structures?

A

CN VII
CN IX
CN X

108
Q

What provides parasympathetic input to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

A

Facial nerve

109
Q

What nerve is enclosed in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus nerve

110
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve go through?

A

Posterior cervical triangle

111
Q

What does the accessory nerve innervate?

A
  • Trapezius
  • SCM
112
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve go through?

A

Anterior cervical triangle

113
Q

What innervation does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A

Motor innervation of the muscles of the tongue

DHBS 301 (21 decks)

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