Cranial Cavity Flashcards
Scalp layers
- Skin
- Connective Tissue
- Aponeurosis
- Loose connective tissue
- Pericardium
Scalp innervation, skin sensation
- Trigeminal nerve
- Ventral and dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves
Arterial supply to the face and scalp
- External carotid artery
- Internal carotid artery
Emissary veins
Pass through small openings in the skull to connect veins of the scalp with the dural venous system
Do emissary veins have arterial counterparts?
No
Periosteal
Always stays adherent to bone
Inner meningeal layer
Projects into cranial cavity, forms a dural fold
The dural venous sinuses takes blood to the…
Internal jugular vein
Potential space
Not really a space but bleeding could pool there
Epidural space
Potential space, bleeding could separate the dura from the skull
The middle meningeal vessels go through what foramen?
Foramen spinosum in the sphenoid bone
What is the pterion? Injury of this can cause?
- Thinner part of the skull and is vulnerable to fracture
- Can result in rupture of middle meningeal artery
Layers of the meningeal spaces
- Epidural space
- Dura mater
- Subdural space
- Arachnoid
- Subarachnoid space
- Pia mater
Sensation from the dura mater
Sevreal branches of the trigeminal nerve and branches of the cervical spinal nerves
Epidural hematoma
Accumulation of blood between the dura and skill
What causes a epidural hematoma?
Rupture of the middle meningeal artery
Where is the fall cerebra located?
- Midline, vertical
- Between left and right central hemispheres
Where is the tentoruum cerebelli located?
- Horizontal
- Between cerebrum and cerebellum
What divides the anial vault into supratentorial and infratentorial components?
Tentoruum cerebelli
Sella turica holds what structure?
Pituitary gland
Brain herniation
Shift of brain tissue from its normal position into an adjacent space
Brain herniations occurs because of…
Occurs as result of increased intracranial pressure due to mass effec
CSF fluid comes from the…
Subarachnoid space
Dural venous sinuses function
Venous channels found between the layers of dura matter that receive venous blood from veins of the brain and CSF
Where do cerebral veins drain into?
Dural venous sinuses
Bridging veins
Deliver blood from the brain to the dural venous sinuses
Rupture of bridging veins causes…
Subdural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
Accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid
Where do the sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinuses drain into? Through which foramen?
- Drain into the internal jugular vein
- Jugular foramen
Maxillary infection can spread to the…
Cavernous sinus
Structures within the cavernous sinus include…
- Internal carotid artery
- CN III
- CN IV
- CN V1
- CN V2
- CN VI
CSF is continuously produced by the…
Choroid plexus in ventricles
How is CSF fluid delivered to the venous circulation?
Through the arachnoid granulations and villi, reabsorbed here
Vertebral artery
- Branch of the subclavian artery
- Posterior circulation
Internal carotid artery
- Branch of the common carotid artery
- Anterior circulation
Where is the circle of Willis located?
Base of brain
The circle of willis provides…
Collateral circualation
What does the internal carotid artery branch into?
- Middle cerebral artery
- Anterior cerebral arter
Where does the anterior cerebral artery course through?
Goes in between cerebral hemispheres
What does the vertebral artery branch into?
- Superior cerebellar artery
- Pontine arteries
- Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
- Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
- Basilar artery
The anterior communicating artery connects…
Connects left and right cerebral arteries
The posterior communicating artery connects…
Internal carotid artery and posterior cerebral artery
What arteries does the circle of Willis contain?
- Internal carotid arteries
- Anterior cerebral arteries
- Anterior communicating artery
- Posterior cerebral arteries
- Posterior communicating artery
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Blood within subarachnoid space
- Lumbar puncture can diagnose
What artery courses within subarachnoid space?
Cerebral arteries
Epidural hematoma source
Source is the middle meningeal artery
Subdural hematoma source
Source is bridging veins
Subarachnoid hematoma source
Source is the cerebral vasculature
The tenorium cerebelli attaches to the…
Lesser wing of the sphenoid
What attaches to the crista galli?
Falx cerebri
Where does the tenorium cerebelli attach?
Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
What foramen does the middle meningeal artery go through?
Foramen spinosum
