Practice Final

Question 1

Which is NOT a cause of damage to DNA?

Answer 1

anti-oxidants

Question 2

Which is NOT a mechanism by which it has been proposed that soybean components, specifically genistein, reduce cancer risk?

Answer 2

preventing bacterial infection

Question 3

Which is NOT a reason why plants are more chemically diverse than animals?

Answer 3

plants need to attract other plants

Question 4

In bone, osteoblasts serve to

Answer 4

build bone by laying down matrix and mineral

Question 5

Which is NOT a function of remodeling?

Answer 5

allows bone to continue growth throughout life

Question 6

Which does NOT occur when blood calcium levels drop?

Answer 6

calcium synthesis increases

Question 7

Which event does NOT occur when blood calcium levels are high?

Answer 7

increased activity of osteoclasts

Question 8

Prevention of osteoporosis does NOT involve:

Answer 8

a low-fat diet

Question 9

In the three-stage model of cancer we discussed, which stage most commonly happens in a healthy human body?

Answer 9

initiation

Question 10

Plant anti-hormones protect against breast cancer by

Answer 10

blocking the action of estrogen

Question 11

Phytochemicals that exhibit a blocking action against cancer initiation do so by

Answer 11

inducing higher levels of detoxification enzymes

Question 12

The first trimester of pregnancy

Answer 12

is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and insults to prevent harm to the fetus.

Question 13

A low-birth-weight infant weighs ______ pounds.

Answer 13

less than 5.5

Question 14

Barb wants to make sure she gets adequate vitamin D during her pregnancy. She should do which of the following?

Answer 14

Get adequate sun exposure

Question 15

Which of the following is a federal program for reducing infant mortality by providing nutritional support and counseling?

Answer 15

Women, Infants, and Children Program

Question 16

Carol has heartburn during her pregnancy. She should do all the following EXCEPT

Answer 16

lie down after she eats

Question 17

Constipation is a common problem during pregnancy. All the following practices can be helpful EXCEPT

Answer 17

avoiding too much fluid

Question 18

Which of the following statements is important for infant feeding?

Answer 18

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4 to 6 months of a child’s life

Question 19

Near the end of a session of breast-feeding, human milk changes composition in which of the following ways?

Answer 19

It contains more fat

Question 20

All the following are advantages to breast-feeding EXCEPT

Answer 20

increased risk of developing food allergies

Question 21

For children 3 years of age and older, the most useful growth charts are

Answer 21

height for age and weight for height

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 22

There is little evidence that obese infants will likely become obese adults.

Question 23

Per kilogram of body weight, the energy needs of an infant are _____ to _____ times higher than for an adult.

Answer 23

2, 4

Question 24

The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during

Answer 24

Infancy

Question 25

Infants should get ____% of their energy from fat.

Answer 25

40

Question 26

Food production might contribute to climate change through

Answer 26

production of greenhouse gasses from fossil fuel consumption

Question 27

Iron stores present at birth generally are depeleted by ____ to ____ months.

Answer 27

4,6

Question 28

Which foods would you suggest adding to the diet of a preschool child who needs increased iron intake?

Answer 28

Lean meats

Question 29

Which of the following is an approriate feeding philosophy for children?

Answer 29

Children should be responsible for deciding how much and when they should eat.

Question 30

Which of the following is a reliable indicator of generally good nutrition status in young children?

Answer 30

Regular gains in height and weight.

Question 31

Which of the following minerals may be low in the diets of adolescent girls?

Answer 31

Iron and Calcium

Question 32

The U.S. population makes up approximately 6% of the world’s population but uses _____% of the world’s resources.

Answer 32

30

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of the use of low input sustainable agriculture?

Answer 33

Crop rotation

Question 34

Which statement is true about breastfeeding?

Answer 34

Breastfeeding is the ideal food for the first year of life.

Question 35

Which organism is likely to exhibit the greatest chemical diversity (that is, it contains the highest number of chemicals)?

Answer 35

tomato

Question 36

What is characteristic of a low-birth weight baby?

Answer 36

Has greater risk of certain health problems throughout life

Question 37

Which statement is true about beta carotene?

Answer 37

1)
It is a precursor of retinol
Incorrect Response 2)
It scavenges oxygen free radicals.
3)
It is consumed in lesser quantities than performed vitamin A.
4)
both 1 and 2
Correct Answer 5)
all of the above

Question 38

Antihormones…

Answer 38

1)
have similar structures to estrogen
Incorrect Response

2)
competitively inhibit estrogen

Question 39

Which statement is false?

Answer 39

Genistein lowers blood levels of estrogen.

Question 40

What statement describes angiogenesis?

Answer 40

1)
formation of a new blood supply
2)
occurs during progression of cancer
3)
occurs during initiation of cancer
Correct Response

4)
both 1 and 2
5)
both 1 and 3

Question 41

Which statement is true regarding recommended weight gain during pregnancy?

Answer 41

1)
Overweight mothers should try to lose weight during pregnancy.
2)
Normal weight mothers should gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy.
3)
Underweight mothers should try to gain more weight than normal weight mothers during pregnancy.
Correct Answer

** 4)
both 2 and 3**
5)
all of the above

Question 42

Which of the following nutrients are needed in much greater amounts during pregnancy?

Answer 42

iron and folate

Question 43

Fetal skeletal growth is aided by the nutrient…

Answer 43

calcium

Question 44

Colic is….

Answer 44

a periodic sharp pain in the abdomen associated with uncontrollable crying

Question 45

When is the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy most detrimental to the fetus?

Answer 45

1st trimester

Question 46

During gestation, body weight is gained in all of the following places EXCEPT:

Answer 46

1)
amniotic fluid
2)
placenta
3)
maternal blood
4)
maternal muscle
Correct Response

** 5)
none of the above**

Question 47

Fetal organs begin to form three weeks after fertilization; therefore,

Answer 47

1)
infants can survive if born prematurely during the 1st trimester
2)
nutrient deficiencies retard growth and development during the 1st trimester
3)
teratogens can be very detrimental to the fetus during the 1st trimester

4)
1 and 2

5)
2 and 3

Question 48

Which statement(s) about the use and/or bioaccumulation of toxins from our food supply is(are) most accurate?

Answer 48

1)
DDT is produced by plants as a response to the application of pesticides.
2)
Fat-soluble pesticides such as DDT accumlate in animal tissues, including human, where they remain present for long periods of time.
3)
Pesticides used in food production may have detrimental effects on human and animal reproductive systems.
4)
1 and 3
** 5)
2 and 3**

Question 49

Eating plant foods directly retains more of the original energy content of the plant than feeding plant food to livestock and then eating the meat because

Answer 49

most of the energy fed to anmilas is lost as heat.

Question 50

Which is NOT a strategy for reducing energy used for food production?

Answer 50

increased use of imported food