Practice Final Flashcards
Which is NOT a cause of damage to DNA?
anti-oxidants
Which is NOT a mechanism by which it has been proposed that soybean components, specifically genistein, reduce cancer risk?
preventing bacterial infection
Which is NOT a reason why plants are more chemically diverse than animals?
plants need to attract other plants
In bone, osteoblasts serve to
build bone by laying down matrix and mineral
Which is NOT a function of remodeling?
allows bone to continue growth throughout life
Which does NOT occur when blood calcium levels drop?
calcium synthesis increases
Which event does NOT occur when blood calcium levels are high?
increased activity of osteoclasts
Prevention of osteoporosis does NOT involve:
a low-fat diet
In the three-stage model of cancer we discussed, which stage most commonly happens in a healthy human body?
initiation
Plant anti-hormones protect against breast cancer by
blocking the action of estrogen
Phytochemicals that exhibit a blocking action against cancer initiation do so by
inducing higher levels of detoxification enzymes
The first trimester of pregnancy
is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and insults to prevent harm to the fetus.
A low-birth-weight infant weighs ______ pounds.
less than 5.5
Barb wants to make sure she gets adequate vitamin D during her pregnancy. She should do which of the following?
Get adequate sun exposure
Which of the following is a federal program for reducing infant mortality by providing nutritional support and counseling?
Women, Infants, and Children Program
Carol has heartburn during her pregnancy. She should do all the following EXCEPT
lie down after she eats
Constipation is a common problem during pregnancy. All the following practices can be helpful EXCEPT
avoiding too much fluid
Which of the following statements is important for infant feeding?
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4 to 6 months of a child’s life
Near the end of a session of breast-feeding, human milk changes composition in which of the following ways?
It contains more fat
All the following are advantages to breast-feeding EXCEPT
increased risk of developing food allergies
For children 3 years of age and older, the most useful growth charts are
height for age and weight for height
Which of the following statements is true?
There is little evidence that obese infants will likely become obese adults.
Per kilogram of body weight, the energy needs of an infant are _____ to _____ times higher than for an adult.
2, 4
The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during
Infancy
Infants should get ____% of their energy from fat.
40
Food production might contribute to climate change through
production of greenhouse gasses from fossil fuel consumption
Iron stores present at birth generally are depeleted by ____ to ____ months.
4,6
Which foods would you suggest adding to the diet of a preschool child who needs increased iron intake?
Lean meats
Which of the following is an approriate feeding philosophy for children?
Children should be responsible for deciding how much and when they should eat.
Which of the following is a reliable indicator of generally good nutrition status in young children?
Regular gains in height and weight.
Which of the following minerals may be low in the diets of adolescent girls?
Iron and Calcium
The U.S. population makes up approximately 6% of the world’s population but uses _____% of the world’s resources.
30
Which of the following is an example of the use of low input sustainable agriculture?
Crop rotation
Which statement is true about breastfeeding?
Breastfeeding is the ideal food for the first year of life.
Which organism is likely to exhibit the greatest chemical diversity (that is, it contains the highest number of chemicals)?
tomato
What is characteristic of a low-birth weight baby?
Has greater risk of certain health problems throughout life
Which statement is true about beta carotene?
1)
It is a precursor of retinol
Incorrect Response 2)
It scavenges oxygen free radicals.
3)
It is consumed in lesser quantities than performed vitamin A.
4)
both 1 and 2
Correct Answer 5)
all of the above
Antihormones…
1)
have similar structures to estrogen
Incorrect Response
2)
competitively inhibit estrogen
Which statement is false?
Genistein lowers blood levels of estrogen.
What statement describes angiogenesis?
1)
formation of a new blood supply
2)
occurs during progression of cancer
3)
occurs during initiation of cancer
Correct Response
4)
both 1 and 2
5)
both 1 and 3
Which statement is true regarding recommended weight gain during pregnancy?
1)
Overweight mothers should try to lose weight during pregnancy.
2)
Normal weight mothers should gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy.
3)
Underweight mothers should try to gain more weight than normal weight mothers during pregnancy.
Correct Answer
** 4)
both 2 and 3**
5)
all of the above
Which of the following nutrients are needed in much greater amounts during pregnancy?
iron and folate
Fetal skeletal growth is aided by the nutrient…
calcium
Colic is….
a periodic sharp pain in the abdomen associated with uncontrollable crying
When is the effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy most detrimental to the fetus?
1st trimester
During gestation, body weight is gained in all of the following places EXCEPT:
1)
amniotic fluid
2)
placenta
3)
maternal blood
4)
maternal muscle
Correct Response
** 5)
none of the above**
Fetal organs begin to form three weeks after fertilization; therefore,
1)
infants can survive if born prematurely during the 1st trimester
2)
nutrient deficiencies retard growth and development during the 1st trimester
3)
teratogens can be very detrimental to the fetus during the 1st trimester
4)
1 and 2
5)
2 and 3
Which statement(s) about the use and/or bioaccumulation of toxins from our food supply is(are) most accurate?
1)
DDT is produced by plants as a response to the application of pesticides.
2)
Fat-soluble pesticides such as DDT accumlate in animal tissues, including human, where they remain present for long periods of time.
3)
Pesticides used in food production may have detrimental effects on human and animal reproductive systems.
4)
1 and 3
** 5)
2 and 3**
Eating plant foods directly retains more of the original energy content of the plant than feeding plant food to livestock and then eating the meat because
most of the energy fed to anmilas is lost as heat.
Which is NOT a strategy for reducing energy used for food production?
increased use of imported food
