Lipids - Chapter 6 Flashcards
Lipids
Substances soluble in organic solvents
Hydrophobic
“Water-hating” “water-fearing”
Repelled by water
Lipophillic
Lipids are lipophillic
“fat loving”
attracted by lipid
Where is most of the lipid stored?
In the bodies of animals
Organic
- A complex chemical containing carbon in its structure.
- Often formed in a bioogical process
What form is most inorganic carbon in?
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Three kinds of lipids
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Sterols
Triglyceride
- A type of lipid formed by three fatty acids arrayed on a glycerol backbone
- Most fats occur in the triglyceride form
Phospholipid
- A type of lipid similar to a triglyceride in which one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphorous-containing compound
Sterol
- A type of lipid with a multiple ring structure, such as cholesterol
Fatty acid
- A lipid formed of a chain of carbon atoms, saturated by hydrogen atoms to varying degrees, with a methyl group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other
Methyl
- the omega end
- the chemical group -CH3
Carboxyl
- alpha end
- the chemical group -COOH
Valence
The characteristic number of chemical bonds formed by a particular chemical element
Valence of hydrogen
1
Valence of oxygen
2
Valence of carbon
4
Saturated fatty acid (SFA)
A fatty acid in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. It is saturated with hydrogen atoms, that is, it contains all the hydrogen it can in its structure
Found in animal products
Butryic (4C) Caprylic (8C) and stearic (18C)
Acids that are typical of saturated fatty acids
Saturated fats worst
Worst dietary contributor to the development of heart disease
point of unsaturation
A double bond in a fatty acid.
Not saturated by hydrogen atoms; more hydrogen could be added where the double bond is to be split
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA)
A fatty acid containing a single point of unsaturation, that is, a single double bond, in its structure
Found in vegetable fats including Olive oil
Lower freezing point
liquid at room temperature - cloud or get stiff if in refrigerator
Oleic acid (18C)
Makes up most of olive oil (a MUFA)
Saturated fats raise what?
Blood cholesterol