Chapter 8 - Eating Disorders Flashcards
Eating disorders are what?
psychological disorders
What contains the diagnostic criteria which define eating disorders?
The Diagnostic and Statistical manual (DSM) of the American Psychological Association
What are eating disorders a phenomenon of?
Affluent societies
Satiety
The sense of satisfaction or fullness after a meal that signals we’ve had enough
Normal eating
The appropriate response to need - eat when hungry
anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by starving behavior, being underweight, and amenorrhea
Binge
To eat an excessively large amount of food within a discrete period of time, usually considered to be about two hours
Binge eating disorder
An eating disorder characterized by binging, without any purging or restriction
bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by binging and purging or other compensatory behaviors such as fasting or excessive exercise
Purging
An inapproriate attempt to compensate for overeating through the use of vomiting, laxative abuse, diuretics, or excessive exercise
What are the origins of eating disorders?
The dynamics of family, individual, and personality
What is the highest incidence of eating disorders?
middle and upper class white females
Psychological factors that increase chances of eating disorders
Depression
Anxiety
Physical or sexual abuse
Substance abuse - and bulimia nervosa
Perfectionism
Neurotransmitters in Anorexia and Bulimia
Serotonin and norepinephrine tend to be lower
cortisol (stress) - higher
First degree relatives of people with anorexia
Have an increased risk of anorexia nervosa and mood disorders such as depression
First degree relatives of people with bulimia
Have an increased risk of bulimia nervosa, mood disorders, and substance abuse
Emotional eating
Eating disorders represent a way to meet emotional needs through eating behavior
disordered eating
practices that lie between normal and clinical eating
Obesity is found where?
In parents and siblings or people with bulimia
relationship between bulimia nervosa and…
substance abuse
Distorted body image especially common in what eating disorder?
Anorexia
Sports with high incidence of eating disorders
Women: gymnastics, ballet, and distance running
Men: wrestling
muscle dysmorphism
The overwhelming drive to get big muscles
prostate
the gland that mixes fluid with sperm to form semen
enlarged in males taking steroids
gynecomastia
Increase in nipple and breast size
result of steroids in men
Restricting time of anorexia
People will starve themselves
pure starvation
amenorrhea
The cessation of normal menstrual cycles
Age onset of anorexia nervosa
usually early adolescence
Risk of mortality in people of anorexia nervosa
5-10 percent
hypothermia
Low body temperature
Skipping meals results in this
Lunago
Fine, downy hair development over the body in anorexia
Arrhythmia
Loss of heart rhythm; cardiac arrhythmia can result in heart failure
Result of electrolyte imbalances
Binge
The consumption of a large amount of food in a discrete period of time (2 hours)
Tables on page 186
Study them
Binging boosts what?
serotonin
Carboyhudrate in meal provokes…
the release of insulin, which drives the transport of tryptophan into the brain - precursor of serotonin
Hyperthermia
High body temperature
a result of binging
Purging type of bulimia
self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, or the use of diuretics or enemas to lose weight
Non-purging type of bulimia
engages in fasting or excessive exercise
disinhibition
a loss of whatever psychological restraints were holding them back from binging
Age onset for bulimia nervosa
late adolescence to early adulthood
Female athlete triad
Combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and premature osteoporosis
