Practice Exam Flashcards
Cell Membranes are composed primarily of what nutrient?
Lipids
What unit is a measure of energy?
kilocalories (kcal)
Substances that can directly supply energy to the body:
Alcohol, CHO, lipid, and protein
Minerals participate…
In chemical reactions related to acid-base balance
Anecdotal evidence is….
Useful in developing questions from which to formulate hypotheses
Human studies in nutrition are…
- high in generalizability and low in control
Randomization in human clinical trials is necessary in order to…
Control for differences in the sample population being studied
An experiment designed to test how a particular nutrient affects atherosclerosis in humans, and which includes an experimental (or treatment) group and a control group is called
a human intervention trial
The RDAs were designed to meet the needs of
98% of all Americans
The statement that best describes the Food Guide Pyramid is:
It provides guidelines for proportionality.
Which of the following is not one of the USDA’s “Dietary Guidelines for Americans?”
Choose a diet low in artificial sweeteners, such as apartame.
The Food Guide Pyramid was created by
the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Food labels give nutritional information about a food based on
One serving
Indigenous New World cultures which have used corn as a staple treat it with lime (calcium carbonate). This has the effect of
increasing the availability of niacin.
No crop produces more kcals/acre than
Corn
Which dietary component has shown the least variation (as a percentage of total kcals) throughout human history?
Protein
Saliva contains _______________ to begin chemical digestion of starch.
Amylase
The main function of the stomach is to
store food for slow release into the intestine.
Water is mainly reabsorbed from food by the
large intestine
The production of bile is one of its most important digestive functions.
liver
Fiber generally affects the digestive system by
decreasing transit time of food in the gut.
Muscle tissue is ________ percent water.
72
Water is _____ per cent of total body weight in an adult.
50-60
Acid-base reactions take place in water because of water’s
tendency to dissociate into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.