Practice Exam - 2 Flashcards
Most people can reduce their kcal intake most significantly by decreasing the amount of ______________ they consume.
1) carbohydrate
* * 2) fat**
3) protein
4) alcoho
What is the most typical outcome of severe dieting for weight loss?
feelings of deprivation that lead to bingeing and weight regain
What is a likely repsonse of the body to very severe energy restriction?
4) Basal metabolic rate (BMR) slows down.
Protein deficiency can cause
1) neurotransmitter stimulation.
2) poor immune function.
3) kwashiorkor.
4) both 1 and 2.
* *5) both 2 and 3.**
Which is the ideal measure of obesity?
1) body mass index
2) skinfold calipers
3) impedance analysis.
4) ideal weight tables
* * 5) All of the above methods contain flaws.**
Which is characteristic of the “apple” body shape?
1) high visceral fat distribution
2) increased risk of chronic disease
3) increased fat deposited on hips
* * 4) both 1 and 2**
5) both 2 and 3
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
1) DNA
2) genes
3) peptide bonds
* *4) a and b**
5) b and c
What plant protein has protein quality similar to that of animal protein?
3) soy
What is the leading cause of death in the US?
1) cancer
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1) Estrogen is protective against heart disease.
2) LDLs transport cholesterol to the arterial wall.
3) Smoking is a risk factor for heart disease.
4) HDLs increase with weight loss.
* *5) None of the above.**
What was a limitation of the Nurses Health Study?
1) It didn’t include a truly low-fat consumption group.
2) It didn’t measure fat intake at an early age.
3) The nurses involved practiced strict caloric restriction.
* * 4) 1 and 2**
5) all of the above.
Which method of body composition analysis directly measures subcutaneous fat stores?
3) Skin Fold Calipers
Daily walking is in which category of energy expenditure?
Physical Activity
The distinguishing element in protein is
2) nitrogen
Which of the following are NOT composed of amino acids?
1) peptides
2) enzymes
3) antibodies
* *4) triglycerides**
Which sequence of events best describes the cooking, digestion, and absorption of protein (as in a hard-boiled egg)?
Denaturation by heat– denaturation by acid and protease in stomach and small intestine– absorbed in small intestine as amino acids and dipeptides.
Protein is a constituent of blood clotting factors, blood transport proteins, lipoproteins, and structural components. Which of the following is NOT a structural component made with protein?
1) bone matrix
2) muscle
3) connective tissue
4) cell membranes
* * 5) none of the above.**
The protein requirement for most healthy adults is
2) 0.75 grams per kg body weight
A saturated fat is one in which
4) All the carbons are bonded with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
Which of the following increases the HDL fraction of blood lipids?
exercise, moderate alcohol consumption, estrogen, and weight loss
Soluble fiber affects blood cholesterol by
3) decreasing total cholesterol
The main transporter of cholesterol from the liver to the body’s tissues is
LDL.
Which of the dietary fats below affects the body by altering the type of eicosanoids produced, resulting in a prolonged blood-clotting time?
omega-3 fatty acids
Which process describes the route of cholesterol from the diet through the body?
gut–lymph–blood–liver–VLDL–LDL–HDL–liver