Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutri Sci > Chapter 10 - Water and electrolytes > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Water and electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the human body made mostly of?

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Water and blood plasma

A

90 percent water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adulthood body and water

A

50-60 percent water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscle and water

A

muscle is 72 percent water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fat tissue and water

A

fat tissue is only 20-35 percent water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two compartments to hold water

A

Intracellular compartment

extracellular compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intracellular compartment

A

water inside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

extracellular compartment

A

water outside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of extracellular fluids

A

blood plasma

interstitial fluid

tears

synovial fluid

gastrointestinal secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Percents regarding compartments

A

intracellular fluid = 60%

extracellular fluid = 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interstitial

A

the space between cells in the body

*extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

synovial

A

pertaining to the joints

*extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sodium helps what?

A

retain more fluid (temporarily)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Solvent

A

substance in which solutes are dissolved

Water = universal solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

solute

A

Substance dissolved in a solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

electrolyte

A

A chemical compound carrying an electrical charge and seperated into ions in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Salt

A

A metal containing compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dissociation

A

The process of a molecule breaking into two component parts, each carrying an electrical charge known as an ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ion

A

the charged molecular fragment produced when a larger molecule splits in two when dissolved in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electrolyte responsibilities

A

transmission of nerve impulses

muscle contraction

regulation of the heartbeat

maintain fluid balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cation

A

a positive ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anion

A

a negative ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Major extracellular cation

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Major intracellular cation

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Major intracellular and extracellular anion

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Depolorization

A

A decrease in electrical charge in a nerve cell which triggers a nerve impulse

influx of sodium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Action potential

A

The electrical signal that makes up a nerve impulse

28
Q

Repolarization

A

An increase in electrical charge in a nerve cell after a nerve impulse has been transmitted

release of potassium

29
Q

hydroxyl

A

the negatively charged ion consisting of oxygen and one hydrogen atom formed by the dissociation of water

OH-

30
Q

Acid

A

A solution in which there is a greater concentration of hydrogen ions than of hydroxyl ions

31
Q

base

A

A solution in which there is a greater concentration of hydroxyl ions than of hydrogen ions

32
Q

pH

A

The log of the concentration of H ion in a solution

measure of acidity

0-14

0 = strong acid

7 = neutral

14 = strong base

33
Q

homeostasis

A

“same state”

The physiological principle that the body needs a constant set of conditions of temperature, pH, concentration, and so on.

34
Q

pH and logarithm

A

pH is the logarithm of the concentratioin of the H+ ion

35
Q

Ammonia

A

Basic

11-12

36
Q

Pancreatic juice

37
Q

blood

38
Q

Urine

39
Q

Orange juice

40
Q

Vinegar

A

Acidic

2-3

41
Q

Stomach acid

42
Q

Body’s average temperature

A

98.6 degrees

43
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of a substance

*Water has a high specific heat*

44
Q

latent heat of vaporization

A

Heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the gaseous state

Ex. sweat - cools us down

45
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The splitting of a water molecule in order to provide charged fragments to combine with charged fragments of some other molecule

46
Q

Blood plasma = how much percent water

47
Q

How many gut secretions are made per day?

A

7-9 liters

48
Q

What are responsible for maintaining intra- and extra-cellular fluid volumes?

A

electrolytes

49
Q

Thirst

A

Signal for not having sufficient fluid in the body

fluid level dropped by 1%

50
Q

How much of consumed water is absorbed?

A

98 percent

51
Q

osmosis

A

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a membrane

52
Q

Polar

A

A molecule, such as water, with positively and negatively charged regions

53
Q

insensible losses

A

Water lost through skin and lungs in amounts too low to notice as they happen

54
Q

Urine

A

regulates the amount of water in the body

55
Q

Infant diarrhea

A

The major cause of infant mortality worldwide, killing millions of infants yearly

Depletes water and electrolytes

56
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low blood concentrations of sodium

57
Q

Hypokalemia

A

low blood concentrations of potassium

58
Q

Most important electrolytes

A

Sodium

Potassium

Chloride

59
Q

What organ regulates electrolytes?

A

the Kidney

60
Q

systolic

A

the upper number in a blood pressure reading, signifying the contraction pressure of the heart

61
Q

diastolic

A

The bottom number in a blood pressure reading, signifying the residual pressure between heartbeasts

62
Q

Two kinds of heart disease hypertension causes

A

Atherosclerosis

congestive heart failure

63
Q

Athersclerosis

A

the process of cholesterol buildup in the arteries leading to coronary heart disease

64
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Higher diastolic blood pressure forces greater pumping effort from the heart

The heart cant keep up and blood pools in the veins

Nutri Sci (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions