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Nutri Sci > Chapter 10 - Water and electrolytes > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Water and electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the human body made mostly of?

A

water

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2
Q

Water and blood plasma

A

90 percent water

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3
Q

adulthood body and water

A

50-60 percent water

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4
Q

Muscle and water

A

muscle is 72 percent water

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5
Q

fat tissue and water

A

fat tissue is only 20-35 percent water

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6
Q

Two compartments to hold water

A

Intracellular compartment

extracellular compartment

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7
Q

intracellular compartment

A

water inside cells

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8
Q

extracellular compartment

A

water outside cells

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9
Q

Examples of extracellular fluids

A

blood plasma

interstitial fluid

tears

synovial fluid

gastrointestinal secretions

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10
Q

Percents regarding compartments

A

intracellular fluid = 60%

extracellular fluid = 40%

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11
Q

interstitial

A

the space between cells in the body

*extracellular fluid

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12
Q

synovial

A

pertaining to the joints

*extracellular fluid

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13
Q

Sodium helps what?

A

retain more fluid (temporarily)

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14
Q

Solvent

A

substance in which solutes are dissolved

Water = universal solvent

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15
Q

solute

A

Substance dissolved in a solute

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16
Q

electrolyte

A

A chemical compound carrying an electrical charge and seperated into ions in a solution

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17
Q

Salt

A

A metal containing compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base

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18
Q

dissociation

A

The process of a molecule breaking into two component parts, each carrying an electrical charge known as an ion

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19
Q

ion

A

the charged molecular fragment produced when a larger molecule splits in two when dissolved in water

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20
Q

Electrolyte responsibilities

A

transmission of nerve impulses

muscle contraction

regulation of the heartbeat

maintain fluid balance

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21
Q

cation

A

a positive ion

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22
Q

anion

A

a negative ion

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23
Q

Major extracellular cation

A

Sodium

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24
Q

Major intracellular cation

A

Potassium

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25
Q

Major intracellular and extracellular anion

A

Chloride

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26
Q

Depolorization

A

A decrease in electrical charge in a nerve cell which triggers a nerve impulse

influx of sodium ions

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27
Q

Action potential

A

The electrical signal that makes up a nerve impulse

28
Q

Repolarization

A

An increase in electrical charge in a nerve cell after a nerve impulse has been transmitted

release of potassium

29
Q

hydroxyl

A

the negatively charged ion consisting of oxygen and one hydrogen atom formed by the dissociation of water

OH-

30
Q

Acid

A

A solution in which there is a greater concentration of hydrogen ions than of hydroxyl ions

31
Q

base

A

A solution in which there is a greater concentration of hydroxyl ions than of hydrogen ions

32
Q

pH

A

The log of the concentration of H ion in a solution

measure of acidity

0-14

0 = strong acid

7 = neutral

14 = strong base

33
Q

homeostasis

A

“same state”

The physiological principle that the body needs a constant set of conditions of temperature, pH, concentration, and so on.

34
Q

pH and logarithm

A

pH is the logarithm of the concentratioin of the H+ ion

35
Q

Ammonia

A

Basic

11-12

36
Q

Pancreatic juice

A

Basic

8-9

37
Q

blood

A

neutral

38
Q

Urine

A

Acidic

6

39
Q

Orange juice

A

Acidic

4

40
Q

Vinegar

A

Acidic

2-3

41
Q

Stomach acid

A

Acid

1-2

42
Q

Body’s average temperature

A

98.6 degrees

43
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of a substance

*Water has a high specific heat*

44
Q

latent heat of vaporization

A

Heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the gaseous state

Ex. sweat - cools us down

45
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The splitting of a water molecule in order to provide charged fragments to combine with charged fragments of some other molecule

46
Q

Blood plasma = how much percent water

A

90% water

47
Q

How many gut secretions are made per day?

A

7-9 liters

48
Q

What are responsible for maintaining intra- and extra-cellular fluid volumes?

A

electrolytes

49
Q

Thirst

A

Signal for not having sufficient fluid in the body

fluid level dropped by 1%

50
Q

How much of consumed water is absorbed?

A

98 percent

51
Q

osmosis

A

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a membrane

52
Q

Polar

A

A molecule, such as water, with positively and negatively charged regions

53
Q

insensible losses

A

Water lost through skin and lungs in amounts too low to notice as they happen

54
Q

Urine

A

regulates the amount of water in the body

55
Q

Infant diarrhea

A

The major cause of infant mortality worldwide, killing millions of infants yearly

Depletes water and electrolytes

56
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low blood concentrations of sodium

57
Q

Hypokalemia

A

low blood concentrations of potassium

58
Q

Most important electrolytes

A

Sodium

Potassium

Chloride

59
Q

What organ regulates electrolytes?

A

the Kidney

60
Q

systolic

A

the upper number in a blood pressure reading, signifying the contraction pressure of the heart

61
Q

diastolic

A

The bottom number in a blood pressure reading, signifying the residual pressure between heartbeasts

62
Q

Two kinds of heart disease hypertension causes

A

Atherosclerosis

congestive heart failure

63
Q

Athersclerosis

A

the process of cholesterol buildup in the arteries leading to coronary heart disease

64
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Higher diastolic blood pressure forces greater pumping effort from the heart

The heart cant keep up and blood pools in the veins

65
Q
A

Nutri Sci (26 decks)

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