Chapter 13 - Pregnancy

Question 1

conception

Answer 1

The joining of the sperm and the egg to form an embryo

The beginning of pregnancy

Question 2

Fertility

Answer 2

Production of babies

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

The fertilized egg resulting from conception, and developing into a fetus

Question 4

Congenital anomaly

Answer 4

A change from normal due to genetic damage or changes in gene expression

aka: birth defect

Question 5

Birth defect

Answer 5

Congenital anomaly

Question 6

Fetus

Answer 6

An unborn human infant of more that eight weeks age

Question 7

Miscarriage

Answer 7

Spontaneous abortion of the fetus

Often caused by a congenital anomaly

Occurring less than 20 weeks into the pregnancy

Question 8

Teratrogen

Answer 8

An agent that damages genetic material or otherwise causes a congenital anomaly

Question 9

Infertility

Answer 9

Lack of production of babies

Result of high/low body fat

Question 10

Amenorrhea

Answer 10

A lack of regular menstrual cycles

Question 11

Poor iron status =

Answer 11

increases risk of early delivery

Iron needs double in pregnancy*

Question 12

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 12

Having fewer than 6 menstrual cycles per year

Question 13

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 13

Can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes, blocking the passage of the egg to the uterus

Question 14

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Answer 14

Seen in obese women

Marked by high testosterone levels with abnormal body hair and acne

Outer layer of ovaries become hard and think preventing ovulation, resulting in infertility

Question 15

Ovaries

Answer 15

The source of eggs in the female reproductive system

Question 16

Ovulation

Answer 16

The release of eggs from the ovaries

Question 17

High blood sugar levels in the first two months of pregnancy

Answer 17

are teratrogenic and double or triple the risk of birth defects

Question 18

Isoflavones

Answer 18

Found in soybeans, are very weak estrogens

Lengthen the time between menstrual periods and make it take longer for conception to occur

Question 19

Low intakes of zinc in males

Answer 19

reduce fertility

Question 20

Hypogonadism

Answer 20

Delayed or reduced development of sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics

Result of a low intake of zinc

Question 21

Baby measurements at birth

Answer 21

7.5 pounds

20 inches long

Question 22

Trimester

Answer 22

A third of a pregnancy

Question 23

Spina bifida

Answer 23

A failure of the spinal column to form properly, leading to difficulties in gait or mental retardation

deficiency of folic acid

Question 24

Placenta

Answer 24

Organ that transfers nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, removes wastes, and produces hormones

Question 25

Hyperplasia

Answer 25

Growth by an increase in the number of cells

Question 26

Hypertrophy

Answer 26

Growth by an increase in the size of cells

Question 27

Edema

Answer 27

Abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid Weight gain should be higher for people with edema

Question 28

Pre-eclampsia

Answer 28

A condition that potentially can lead up to eclampsia

Question 29

Anabolism

Answer 29

metabolism of synthesis storing energy as fat - first half of pregnancy

Question 30

Catabolism

Answer 30

Metabolism of breakdown second half of pregnancy - stores are feeding the infant

Question 31

Proteinuria

Answer 31

protein in the urine - abnormal event

Question 32

Eclampsia

Answer 32

A condition of later pregnancy involving high blood pressure that may lead to convulsions, kidney damage, stillbirth, and even death

Question 33

gestational diabetes

Answer 33

Diabetes beginning in and usually ending after pregnancy

Question 34

Ketones

Answer 34

Products of fat metabolism harmful to the fetus in high concentrations

Question 35

anovulation

Answer 35

The stage of not ovulating-not releasing eggs

Question 36

Prolactin

Answer 36

Hormone that stimulates milk production

Question 37

Oxytocin

Answer 37

Hormone that stimulates letdown

Question 38

Letdown

Answer 38

The reflex that releases milk from the milk gland into the milk duct

Question 39

Contraindictations

Answer 39

A medical reason against some action

Question 40

Engorgement

Answer 40

When the breast is overfilled with milk

Question 41

Mastitis

Answer 41

Breast infection

Question 42

Infancy

Answer 42

The period of birth throug the first year of life characterized by rapid growth and development

Question 43

Renal solute load

Answer 43

The amont of material the kidneys have to excrete in the urine