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Nutri Sci > Chapter 13 - Pregnancy > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

conception

A

The joining of the sperm and the egg to form an embryo

The beginning of pregnancy

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2
Q

Fertility

A

Production of babies

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3
Q

Embryo

A

The fertilized egg resulting from conception, and developing into a fetus

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4
Q

Congenital anomaly

A

A change from normal due to genetic damage or changes in gene expression

aka: birth defect

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5
Q

Birth defect

A

Congenital anomaly

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6
Q

Fetus

A

An unborn human infant of more that eight weeks age

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7
Q

Miscarriage

A

Spontaneous abortion of the fetus

Often caused by a congenital anomaly

Occurring less than 20 weeks into the pregnancy

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8
Q

Teratrogen

A

An agent that damages genetic material or otherwise causes a congenital anomaly

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9
Q

Infertility

A

Lack of production of babies

Result of high/low body fat

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10
Q

Amenorrhea

A

A lack of regular menstrual cycles

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11
Q

Poor iron status =

A

increases risk of early delivery

Iron needs double in pregnancy*

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12
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Having fewer than 6 menstrual cycles per year

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13
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A

Can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes, blocking the passage of the egg to the uterus

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14
Q

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

A

Seen in obese women

Marked by high testosterone levels with abnormal body hair and acne

Outer layer of ovaries become hard and think preventing ovulation, resulting in infertility

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15
Q

Ovaries

A

The source of eggs in the female reproductive system

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16
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of eggs from the ovaries

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17
Q

High blood sugar levels in the first two months of pregnancy

A

are teratrogenic and double or triple the risk of birth defects

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18
Q

Isoflavones

A

Found in soybeans, are very weak estrogens

Lengthen the time between menstrual periods and make it take longer for conception to occur

19
Q

Low intakes of zinc in males

A

reduce fertility

20
Q

Hypogonadism

A

Delayed or reduced development of sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics

Result of a low intake of zinc

21
Q

Baby measurements at birth

A

7.5 pounds

20 inches long

22
Q

Trimester

A

A third of a pregnancy

23
Q

Spina bifida

A

A failure of the spinal column to form properly, leading to difficulties in gait or mental retardation

deficiency of folic acid

24
Q

Placenta

A

Organ that transfers nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, removes wastes, and produces hormones

25
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Growth by an increase in the number of cells

26
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Growth by an increase in the size of cells

27
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid

Weight gain should be higher for people with edema

28
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A

A condition that potentially can lead up to eclampsia

29
Q

Anabolism

A

metabolism of synthesis

storing energy as fat - first half of pregnancy

30
Q

Catabolism

A

Metabolism of breakdown

second half of pregnancy - stores are feeding the infant

31
Q

Proteinuria

A

protein in the urine - abnormal event

32
Q

Eclampsia

A

A condition of later pregnancy involving high blood pressure that may lead to convulsions, kidney damage, stillbirth, and even death

33
Q

gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes beginning in and usually ending after pregnancy

34
Q

Ketones

A

Products of fat metabolism harmful to the fetus in high concentrations

35
Q

anovulation

A

The stage of not ovulating-not releasing eggs

36
Q

Prolactin

A

Hormone that stimulates milk production

37
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone that stimulates letdown

38
Q

Letdown

A

The reflex that releases milk from the milk gland into the milk duct

39
Q

Contraindictations

A

A medical reason against some action

40
Q

Engorgement

A

When the breast is overfilled with milk

41
Q

Mastitis

A

Breast infection

42
Q

Infancy

A

The period of birth throug the first year of life

characterized by rapid growth and development

43
Q

Renal solute load

A

The amont of material the kidneys have to excrete in the urine

Nutri Sci (26 decks)

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