Discussion Sheets - 3rd exam Flashcards
Most deaths from eating disorders are due to
Electrolyte depletion
And cardiac arrhythmia resulted from electrolyte imbalance
Activites
Things you have to do in daily life
Exercise
Time set aside during the day, structured physical activity
Weight gain is caused by what?
Excess total caloric intake
Exercise plays a role in weight control by expending calories, regulating appetite, and increase BMR
True
Exercise helps prevent what diseases?
Heart disease
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Exercise increases the quality of life from the elderly
TRUE
What is the fuel prefered in aerobic exercise, and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise = fat
Anaerobic exercise = carbohydrate
What is the predominate pathway for short events (30 seconds to 2 minutes)?
Anaerobic glycolysis
Amino acids are used for gluconeogensis during exercise to maintain what?
Blood glucose
Hitting the wall =
glycogen depletion
Recommended diet competition for sports nutrition is
same as food guide pyramid
CHO >60%
20-30% fat
10-15% protein
High glycemic foods are good to eat when?
during prolonged exercise
And after exercise
Muscle is
Plasma is
Muscle is 72% water
Plasma is 90% water
Electrolytes in water
Sodium
Potassium
chloride
Long term health consequence of anorexia nervosa
fractures resulting in bone loss
Food choices commonly consumed during binges include:
convenience foods such as cakes, cookies, and pies
Female athlete triad is characterized by:
low bone density
Treatment for binge-eating disorder includes
addressing deep emotional issues
discouraging food deprivation
restoration of a normal eating pattern
Possible cause of death in an anorectic person
Infections
Suicide
Heart ailments
Practiced by the anorectic person
Occasional bingeing
Consuming 20 cans of diet soft drinks in a day
Early warning sign of anorexia nervosa is:
withdrawal from family
Major health risk from frequent vomiting due to bulimia nervosa is:
a potassium imbalance
Anorexia nervosa is a disease of
Teenage women
Critical goal in the early stages of treatment for anorexia nervosa is
allow person a feeling of control over her life
Bulimia nervosa patients often have a problem with:
an inability to control responses to impulse and desire
Complications of Bulimia in someone who purges
Ulcers, pitting of the teeth, and electrolyte imbalance
Pica =
Repeated consumption of non-nutritive items, such as paper, clay, laundary starch, paint chips
False about eating disorders
Males are not affected
Characteristic that differentiates anorexics from bulimics
Denies need for treatment
Functions of water
Transport medium
Lubrication
Temperature regulation
Constriction / dilation of capillaries
Perspiration
Water does not require any digestion
True
Osmosis
Movement of water from an area of low salt concentration to an area of high solute concentration through a membrane
What solutes influence osmosis
Electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride)
Protein
How do we excrete water?
Kidney - urine
GI tract - feces
Skin - sweat
Insensible losses - drying of skin, moisture lost through breathing
How many liters are lost daily
2-3 liters
*Can change based on activity, temperature, and humidity*
Oral rehydration therapy
The act of providing water and electrolytes to reverse dehydration
Water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin C, B vitamins
Readily excreted in H2O
Not stored
Not toxic
Defficiencies quickly onset due to high excretion
Fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Not readily excreted
Stored in the body (fat, liver, skin)
Highly toxic
Deficiencies develop slowly due to high storage levels
Vitamins are _______ while minerals are _________
organic, inorganic
Minerals only come from the environment
True
Vitamins can be created by plants and animals
TRUE
Block absorption of vitamins and minerals?
Phytic acid
Increasing abosrption of vitamins and minerals
MFP factor - meat, fish, and poultry
Vitamin C
Iron
Major Minerals
Bone - calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium
Electrolytes - sodium, potassium, and chloride
Protein - sulfur amino acids
Trace Minerals
Iron, copper, zinc, iodine, and selenium
Zinc
Cell replication and division - would healing
Defiency - poor growth and would healing, poor immune response
Iron
Component of myoglobin (hemoglobin)
Development of myelin sheath, neurotransmitters
Vitamin B12
Production of myelin sheaths
Activation of folate
Deficiency = from lack of intrinsic factor
- leads to severe neurological problems and pernicious anemia
Folate
Deficiency leads to neural tube defects (spina bifida), and improper DNA synthesis
Potassium
Positive intracellular ion that helps conduct muscle and nerve impulses
Defiency = leads to weakness, arrhythmia, excessive sweating, and eating disorders
Sodium
Positive extracellular ion
Exchange for potassium in nerve cells
Calcium
Large component of bone
Required for muscle contraction
Chromium
Aids in insulin binding to the cell to aid in the absorption of glucose and AA
Pyridoxine (B6)
Synthesis of non-essential AA, neurotransmitters
Vitamin C
Synthesis of collagen, and connective tissue
Deficiency leads to scurvy
Antioxidants
Protect against oxidative damage from free radicals
Vitamins = C, A, E
Mineral = selenium
Beta-carotene
is a vitamin A provitamin
Erythropoiesis
The formation of red blood cells
Hemoglobin
Transports oxygen to the body and delivers it to myoglobin, where it exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide
Macrocytic or Megaloblastic anemia
Improper DNA synthesis from a folate deficiency leads to a decreased cell division and enlearged red blood cells called these
Deficiency in Iron
most common form of anemia
most common nutrient deficiency
most toxic mineral
Ferritin
Storage protein for Iron
Transferrin
The transport protein involved in delivering iron to the body
Iron needs are increased in this population
Premenopausla women because of increased iron lost during mensturation
Vitamin K (required)
required for blood clotting as it is a coenzyme in the formation of prothrombin
Anticoagulants
Aid in reducing this clotting mechanism by vitamin K inhibition
ex. warfarin
Major minerals in descnding order of concentration
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Sulfur
Top four trace minerals in descending order
Iron
Copper
zinc
Iodine
