Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
food chain
A
- the best representation of relationships in the natural world
2
Q
essential
A
- the nutrient is necessary for life
- the nutirent cannot be synthesized by the body
3
Q
macronutrient
A
- nutrient needed in relatively large quantities
- the nutrients we feel hungry for and fill us up
- three: protein, carbohydrate, and fat (lipid)
4
Q
carbohydrate
A
- main purpose is to supply energy
- the only fuel that the brain can use
5
Q
simple carbohydrates
A
- are sugars
6
Q
complex carbohydrates
A
- include starch and fiber
- made up of polymers of sugars
7
Q
polymer
A
- a molecule consisting of a repeating chain of one smaller molecule
- starch is a polymer of a sugar
8
Q
calories
A
- a unit of energy
9
Q
Protein
A
- makes up most of the dry weight of the body
- used to form muscle and connective tissue, bone and skin
- example: meats,fish, poultry, beans, dairy products, and nuts
10
Q
enzyme
A
- a protein that regulates body processes through its role in controlling chemical reactions
- a protein
11
Q
energy is found in 3 macronutrients:
A
- carboydrate
- lipid
- protein
12
Q
micronutrients
A
- nutrients needed in relatively small quantities.
- Vitamins and minerals
13
Q
two groups of vitamins
A
- soluble in fat
- A, D, E, K
- soluble in water
- Vitamin C, thiamin
14
Q
Vitamins are organic
A
- which means they contain the element carbon
15
Q
Minerals are inorganic
A
- they contain no carbon
16
Q
2 Types of Minerals
A
- Major minerals
- Trace minerals
17
Q
Major minerals
A
- needed in relatively large amounts although less than macronutrients
18
Q
Trace minerals
A
- needed in very tiny amounts
19
Q
phytochemicals
A
- a large group of chemicals produced by plants, many of which have physiologic effects on the human body
- important for chronic disease prevention
- they are not considered nutrients because they are not essential.
20
Q
Anthropometric data
A
- heigh and weight
- sometimes peercent body fat
- help asses growth or body weight
21
Q
Biochemical
A
- blood tests, urine tests
- examples: blood sugar, blood cholestoral, and hemoglobin
22
Q
Clinical data
A
- amiograms, electrodiagrams
- evaluate heart disease
23
Q
Dietary data
A
- records of what you eat
24
Q
anecdotal
A
- evidence of an individual nature, without rigorous examination
25
Q
placebo
A
- a drug or other substance with no inherent treatment value which affects an individual through the psychological power of their belief in its efficacy
26
Q
hypothesis
A
- an untested working assumption that serves as the starting point of scientific investigation
27
Q
experimental group
A
- in an experiment, the group that receives whatever treatment is being studied
- also known as the treatment group
28
Q
control group
A
- in an experiment, the group that receives no treatment, used as a comparison for the experimental group
29
Q
outcome
A
- the measure being studied in an experiment, such as incidence of colds or long cancer, as a result of some exposure, such as Vitamin C or smoking
30
Q
case studies
A
- anecdotal evidence published in a scientific journal
31
Q
epidemiological study
A
- a natural experiment that a population conducts on itself probably without knowing it
32
Q
exposure
A
- the hypotheitcal cause of an outcome
- ex. lung cancer may result from exposure to tobacco smoke
33
Q
correlatioin
A
- the relationship between two associated things
- correlation does not prove cause and effect
- fire and smoke are associated, not correlated
34
Q
confounder
A
- a factor associated with some outcome that confuses or coufounds the determination of true cause and effect
35
Q
double blind
A
- a study in which neither the researcher nor the study subject knows which treatment the subject is getting
36
Q
generalizability
A
- the degree to which one finding can be assumed to apply to some other group or situation
37
Q
What are the safest sources of nutrition information
A
- scientific journals that have a panel of experts
38
Q
ethnography
A
- the study of indigenous human cultural and ethnic groups
39
Q
indigenous
A
- having originated in a particular geographic area, as in indigenous, or native people
40
Q
A
