Practical 2: Urinary/Renal Flashcards by Eric Chandrasekhar | Brainscape

Q

A

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A

A

Rectum

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B

A

Ureter

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C

A

Peritoneum covering urinary bladder

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D

A

Urinary bladder

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E

A

Vas deferens

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F

A

Ureter

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G

A

Adventitia

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A

A

Vas deferens

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B

A

Urinary bladder

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C

A

Ureter

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A

A

Adventitia

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B

A

Peritoneum on superior surfaces

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C

A

Detrusor muscle

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D

A

Rugae

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E (tissue type)

A

Transitional epithelium

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F

A

Ureteric opening

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G

A

Trigone

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H

A

Neck

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I

A

Internal urethral sphincter

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J (whole purple sphere)

A

Prostate gland

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K

A

Prostatic urethra

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L

A

Internal urethral opening

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A

A

Ureteric opening

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B

A

Rugae

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C

A

Internal urethral orifice

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D

A

Neck

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E

A

Internal urethral sphincter

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F

A

Urogenital membrane/diaphragm

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G

A

External urethral orifice

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H

A

Spongy urethra

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I

A

External urethral sphincter

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J

A

Membranous or intermediate urethra

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K

A

Prostate gland

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L

A

Prostatic urethra

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Q

M

A

Transitional epithelium

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N

A

Trigone

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O

A

Detrusor muscle

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A

A

Internal urethral orifice

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Q

B

A

Uterus

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Q

C

A

Rectum

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D

A

Vagina

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E

A

External anal sphincter

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F

A

Internal anal sphincter

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G

A

Urogenital membrane

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H

A

External urethral sphincter

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Q

I

A

External urethral orifice

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Q

J

A

Urogenital membrane

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K

A

Neck

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L

A

Rugae

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M

A

Transitional epithelium

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Q

N

A

Detrusor muscle

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Q

1

A

Internal urethral sphincter

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Q

A

A

Adrenal or suprarenal gland

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B

A

Renal artery

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C

A

Renal vein

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D

A

Ureter

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Q

E

A

Fibrous capsule

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A

A

Hilum

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A

A

Renal corpuscles

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B

A

Nephrons

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C

A

Cortex

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D

A

Renal pyramid

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E

A

Papilla

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Q

F (RIGHT SIDE F, NOT LEFT. WHERE PAPILLA DRAINS)

A

Minor calyx

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Q

G

A

Major calyx

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H

A

Ureter

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I

A

Renal pelvis

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Q

1

A

Renal column

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Q

J

A

Medulla

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Q

A (red)

A

Cortical radiate artery or Interlobular artery

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B

A

Arcucate artery

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C

A

Interlobar artery

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Q

D

A

Segmental artery and vein

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Q

E

A

Renal artery and vein

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Q

A

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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B

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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C

A

Collecting duct

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Q

D

A

Into minor calyx

Q

E

A

Proximal to its corpuscle

Q

F

A

Distal to its corpuscle

Q

G

A

Descends from proximal convoluted tubule

Q

H

A

Ascends to its distal convoluted tubule

Q

I

A

Minor calyx

Q

J

A

Papilla of pyramid

Q

K

A

Thin ascending limb

Q

L

A

Thin descending limb

Q

M

A

Thick descending limb

Q

N

A

Thick ascending limb

Q

O

A

Nephron loop or Loop of henle

Q

P

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

Q

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Renal corpuscle of cortical nephron

Q

B

A

Nephron loop or Loop of Henle of cortical nephron

Q

C

A

Nephron loop or Loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephron

Q

D

A

Renal corpuscle of juxtamedullary nephron

Q

A

A

Efferent arteriole

Q

B

A

Peritubular capilaries

Q

C

A

Renal corpuscle

Q

D

A

Arcuate artery and vein

Q

E

A

Vasa recta

Q

F

A

Papilla

Q

G

A

Collecting duct

Q

H

A

Nephron loop or Loop of henle

Q

I

A

Afferent arteriole

Q

J

A

Cortical radiate artery

Q

K

A

Renal capsule

Q

A

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

B

A

Renal corpuscle

Q

C

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

D

A

Loop of henle

Q

E

A

Thick descending limb

Q

F

A

Thick ascending limb

Q

G

A

Thin descending limb

Q

H

A

Thin ascending limb

Q

I

A

Collecting duct

Q

J

A

Arcuate A & V

Q

K

A

Cortical radiate A & V

Q

L

A

Renal corpuscles

Q

A

A

Efferent arteriole

Q

B

A

Walls of afferent arterioles = granular cells

Q

C

A

Macula densa

Q

D

A

Renal corpuscle

Q

E

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

F

A

Glomerulus

Q

G

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

H

A

Podocytes

Q

I

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Efferent arteriole

Q

B

A

Macula densa

Q

C

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Q

D

A

Granular cells

Q

E

A

Afferent arteriole

Q

F

A

Renal corpuscle

Q

G

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

H

A

Glomerulus

Q

I

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

J

A

Podocytes

Q

K

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

B

A

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes

Q

C

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

D

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

E

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

B

A

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes

Q

C

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

D

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

E

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

B

A

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes

Q

C

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

D

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

E

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

B

A

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes

Q

C

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

D

A

Venules

Q

E

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

F

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

B

A

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes

Q

C

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

D

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

E

A

Venules

Q

F

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

A

A

Venules

Q

B

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

Q

C

A

Glomerular or bowman’s capsule

Q

D

A

Glomerular or bowman’s space

Q

E

A

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes

Q

F

A

Distal convoluted tubule

Q

What does the renal medulla layer consist of?

A

All the pyramids, columns, etc.

Q

Is the renal pyramid a whole layer, or just the triangular shaped structure?

A

Just the triangle

Q

Where do the collecting ducts from the papilla (tip of the pyramid) drain to?

A

Minor calyx

Q

Where does the cortex dip into the medulla?

A

Renal column

Q

What artery radiates out into the cortex and feeds afferent arterioles?

A

Cortical radiate artery/Interlobular artery

Q

Which artery arches over the pyramids?

A

Arcuate artery

Q

Which artery is between the pyramids?

A

Interlobar artery

Q

Which renal corpuscle is further up the cortex?

A

Renal corpuscle of cortical nephron

Q

Which renal corpuscle is closer to the medulla?

A

Renal corpuscle of juxtamedullary nephron

Q

Which nephron’s loop of Henle goes deeper/is longer?

A

Nephron loop of loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephron

Q

Which arteriole heads up to peritubular capillaries with filtered blood from the corpuscle?

A

Efferent arteriole

Q

Which capillary returns reabsorbed water to the circulatory system?

A

Peritubular capillaries

Q

What keeps the deep medulla extremely hypertonic for fluid regulation?

A

Vasa recta

Q

Which arteriole comes from the cortical radiate artery with unfiltered blood?

A

Afferent arteriole

Q

What produces renin?

A

Granular/juxtaglomerular cells

Q

What do podocytes cover?

A

Glomerular capillaries

Q

Which convoluted tubule is more organized, looks more clear which nuclei is which?

A

Distal convoluted tubules

Q

Which convoluted tubule is less organized and looks more squished?

A

Proximal convoluted tubules

Q

What is the difference between the adventitia vs peritoneum?

A

Adventitia: layer of connective tissue surrounding organs not covered by the peritoneum

Peritoneum: membrane lining the abdominal cavity, covering organs

Q

Where are granular cells or juxtaglomerular cells?

A

In the walls of afferent arterioles

Q

Where is the macula densa?

A

In the walls of distal convoluted tubules

Q

What is another name for the glomerulus?

A

Glomerular capillaries

Q

Which nephron’s loop of Henle is more shallow/is shorter?

A

Nephron loop of loop of Henle of cortical nephron

Q

Which tubules are more numerous and are usually lighter and “puffier”?

A

Proximal convoluted tubules

Q

What are the surgical implications of retroperitoneal (kidney)?

A

Thanks to the location of the kidneys (more posterior and lateral), we can do surgery on the lateral side, which is good as it prevents risk of cystitis (which could be a risk if we went anteriorly)