Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 142 > Exam 2: Blood, Respiratory, Lymph > Flashcards

Exam 2: Blood, Respiratory, Lymph Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the connective tissue that is involved in transportation within the body?

A

Vascular connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Transportation of O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Can blood thermoregulate?

A

Yes, as blood takes heat to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Can blood regulate pH?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What enables blood to regulate fluid volume?

A

Its osmotic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can blood “protect”?

A

Through its immune system (leukocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can leukocytes cause inflammation?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can leukocytes kill microbes and cancer?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can leukocytes make antibodies?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are antibodies also known as?

A

Immunoglobulins (Ig’s) or gamma globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do Ig’s and gamma globulins get rid of pathogens?

A

They mark pathogens for destruction by the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does blood contain clotting factors?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does blood contain proteins that destroy pathogens?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the extracellular fluid component of blood before clotting?

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the extracellular fluid component of blood after clotting?

A

Serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are cells and platelets a part of?

A

The formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What blood cell transports oxygen?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What blood cell is a major component of the immune system?

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cell fragments initiate blood clotting?

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How sensitive is the body to changes in blood pH?

A

Very. A slight change in pH indicates a dramatic change in hydrogen ion concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Could a blood pH of 6.8 or 8.0 kill?

A

Yes, this slight variance in pH may be lethal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What percent of your body’s weight is blood?

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does CO2 and H20 form?

A

Carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the formula for carbonic acid?

A

H2CO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What enzyme breaks carbonic acid into CO2 and H20?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the formula for bicarbonate?

A

HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where are HCO3- and H+ produced?

A

In the body’s tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In most situations, do you want the formula to read right to left, or left to right?
CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> HCO3 + H+

A

From right to left. You want to get rid of H+ by combining it into carbonic acid, then split the carbonic acid into H20 and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is carbonic anhydrase found?

A

In the erythrocytes and kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the law of mass action?

A

If you increase a component (reactant) on one side of an equation, it forces the equation to proceed in the other direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What takes care of CO2?

A

It is dumped by the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is too much CO2 called?

A

Hypercapnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is too low CO2 called?

A

Hypocapnia

35
Q

What happens to the H+ ions when you have a respiratory/pulmonary disease such as emphysema?

A

There’s a high concentration of H+ ions in the blood leading to respiratory acidosis (the equation is reversed to read left to right)

36
Q

What is acidosis?

A

Elevated H+, loss of bicarbonate

37
Q

What respiratory disease usually causes respiratory acidosis?

A

Hypercapnia (too high CO2)

38
Q

What is the most common form of acidosis?

A

Respiratory acidosis

39
Q

What causes metabolic acidosis?

A

Too much H+, lactic acid, ketoacidosis, bicarbonate loss

40
Q

Where is ketoacidosis seen?

A

In diabetes

41
Q

Does kidney failure elevate or lower retained H+?

A

Kidney failure prevents the body from excreting H+, thus raising it in the body

42
Q

What might lower bicarbonate ions in the body?

A

Diarrhea

43
Q

Is this a symptom of acidosis?
Compensatory hyperventilation

A

Yes

44
Q

Is this a symptom of acidosis?
CNS elevation

A

No. The CNS would depress with acidosis

45
Q

Is this a symptom of acidosis?
pH < 7.0

A

Yes

46
Q

Can a pH < 7.0 induce a coma?

A

Yes

47
Q

Is this a symptom of acidosis?
Confusion, lethargy, headaches

A

Yes

48
Q

Is this a symptom of acidosis?
Hyperactive reflexes

A

No. Hypoactive reflexes are a symptom

49
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

When there is not enough H+ in the body

50
Q

What can anxiety, hyperventilation, liver failure, vomiting, and hypocapnia cause?

A

Alkalosis

51
Q

Is this symptom acidosis or alkalosis?
Over excited CNS

A

Alkalosis

52
Q

Is this symptom acidosis or alkalosis?
Under excited CNS

A

Acidosis

53
Q

Is this symptom acidosis or alkalosis?
Hypoventilation

A

Alkalosis

54
Q

Is this symptom acidosis or alkalosis?
Hyperventilation

A

Acidosis

55
Q

Is this symptom acidosis or alkalosis?
Confusion, lethargy

A

Acidosis

56
Q

Is this symptom acidosis or alkalosis?
Irritability, agitated state, hyperactive reflexes

A

Alkalosis

57
Q

Is this symptom acidosis or alkalosis?
Muscle contraction/tetany/twitching/convulsions

A

Alkalosis

58
Q

Low pH means high or low acidity?

A

Low pH = high acidity

59
Q

Low pH means lots of H+ ions or few H+ ions?

A

Low pH = high H+ ions

60
Q

High pH means high or low acidity?

A

High pH = low acidity

61
Q

High pH means lots of H+ ions or few H+ ions?

A

High pH = low H+ ions

62
Q

Is trauma a leading cause of death for those aged 1-44?

A

Yes

63
Q

What is the number 1 cause of death in the United States (according to him)

A

Trauma

64
Q

What percentage of death by trauma is caused by hemorrhaging?

A

40%

65
Q

What term means to “bleed out”?

A

Exsanguination

66
Q

What are the three components of the triad of death?

A

Hypothermia
Acidosis
Coagulopathy

67
Q

What does hypothermia mean?

A

Body temperature gets below 35 degrees Celsius

68
Q

What is coagulopathy?

A

Reduced ability to form a clot

69
Q

What demonstrates a potentially catastrophic disruption of homeostatic balance?

A

The triad of death

70
Q

What is normal body temperature?

A

36-37 degrees Celsius

71
Q

What can cause hypothermia?

A

Massive blood loss

72
Q

How does hypothermia affect the circulatory system?

A

It reduces heart function and O2 delivery to tissues

73
Q

How does hypothermia affect clotting?

A

Reduces ability to clot

74
Q

What is hypothermia’s effect on infection/immunity?

A

Decreases immunity, increases risk of wound infection, pneumonia, and sepsis

75
Q

How does acidosis affect the circulatory system?

A

Reduces heart function and increases risk of ventricular fibrillation

76
Q

How does acidosis affect muscles?

A

Reduces muscle strength and increases fatigue of respiratory muscles

77
Q

How does acidosis affect mental state?

A

Decreases mental status and incudes coma

78
Q

How does acidosis affect clotting?

A

Reduces ability to clot

79
Q

What is fibrinolysis?

A

Dissolving clots faster than they form (causes bleeding out)

80
Q

What causes fibrinolysis?

A

Massive traumatic injury and blood loss

81
Q

How does coagulopathy affect breathing?

A

Increased anaerobic respiration (without O2)

82
Q

How does anerobic respiration affect the body?

A

Increases lactic acid and reduces the pH (acidosis)

83
Q

How does coagulopathy affect body temperature?

A

Lowers body temperature

84
Q
A

BIO 142 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions