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BIO 142 > Practical 1: Blood > Flashcards

Practical 1: Blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Both are liquid components of blood.

Serum is the liquid that remains after the blood has clotted.

Plasma is the liquid that remains when clotting is prevented with the addition of anticoagulants

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2
Q

What is the group that RBC, WBC, and platelets are a part of?

A

Formed Elements

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3
Q

Which formed element carries O2?

A

Erythrocytes

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4
Q

Which formed element are part of the immune system?

A

Leukocytes

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5
Q

Which formed element begins blood clotting?

A

Platelets

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6
Q

What are most of the cells you see? (Not being pointed to)

A

Erythrocytes

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7
Q

What’s being pointed to?

A

Leukocytes

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8
Q

A

A

Neutrophil

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9
Q

B

A

Eosinophil

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10
Q

C

A

Lymphocyte

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11
Q

What are the purple objects?

A

Lymphocytes

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12
Q

How many erythrocytes in a female?

A

4.5 million/µL

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13
Q

How many erythrocytes in a male?

A

5.5 million/µL

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14
Q

What shape are erythrocytes?

A

Biconcave

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15
Q

What type of nucleus do erythrocytes have?

A

Anucleated, or enucleated

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16
Q

What is the diameter of an erythrocyte?

A

7 µm

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17
Q

How long do erythrocytes last/live?

A

120 days

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18
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

Carry O2 and some CO2

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19
Q

What is the total volume of blood in a female?

A

5L

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20
Q

What is the volume of blood in a male?

A

6L

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21
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Ratio of erythrocyte volume/total blood volume (including plasma)

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22
Q

How do you measure hematocrit?

A
  1. Draw blood into a microtube/vacutainer
  2. Allow it to clot
  3. Spin lightly in centrifuge
  4. Look at the ratio (sink/float)
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23
Q

What is the normal hematocrit level for a female?

A

42%

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24
Q

What is the normal hematocrit level for a male?

A

47%

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25
Q

How much hemoglobin do females have?

A

12-16 g/dL

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26
Q

How much hemoglobin do males have?

A

13-18 g/dL

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27
Q

How many leukocytes are normally in the blood?

A

4,800-10,800/µL blood

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28
Q

What is the process of leukocytes becoming mobile and leaving blood to go into the extracellular interstitium and respond to pathogens?

A

Diapedesis

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29
Q

Where do leukocytes leave through in diapedesis?

A

The wall of the blood vessel

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30
Q

What is the movement used to diapedese?

A

Amoeboid movement/motion

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31
Q

What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes are leukocytes that contain granules in their cytoplasm

Agranulocytes are leukocytes that lack granules in their cytoplasm

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32
Q

Are neutrophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes

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33
Q

What’s another name for granulocytes?

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Polys)

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34
Q

Are eosinophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes

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35
Q

Are basophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes

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36
Q

What’s another name for agranulocytes?

A

Mononuclear leukocytes

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37
Q

Are lymphocytes granulocytes or agranulocytes?

A

Agranulocytes

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38
Q

Are monocytes granulocytes or agranulocytes?

A

Agranulocytes

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39
Q

What percent of leukocytes are neutrophils?

A

50-70%

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40
Q

What is the normal range of neutrophils in the blood?

A

2500-8000/µL

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41
Q

How many lobes do the neutrophil nuclei have?

A

3-7

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42
Q

What color are neutrophil cytoplasm?

A

Clearish

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43
Q

What are neutrophils role in the immune system?

A

Phagocytic

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44
Q

What is this?

A

Neutrophil

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45
Q

What is this?

A

Neutrophil

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46
Q

What is this?

A

Neutrophil

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47
Q

What is this?

A

Neutrophil

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48
Q

What percent of leukocytes are eosinophils?

A

2-4%

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49
Q

What’s the normal range of eosinophils in the blood?

A

<500/µL

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50
Q

How many lobes do eosinophil nuclei have?

A

2

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51
Q

What color is the cytoplasm of eosinophils?

A

Often pink/red due to granules…About the same color as erythrocytes

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52
Q

What increases the number of eosinophils?

A

Parasites and allergies

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53
Q

What are eosinophils role in the immune system?

A

Phagocytic

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54
Q

What is this?

A

Eosinophil

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55
Q

What is this?

A

Eosinophil

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56
Q

What is this?

A

Eosinophil

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57
Q

What is this?

A

Eosinophil

58
Q

What percent of leukocytes are basophils?

A

<1%

59
Q

What is the normal range of basophils in the blood?

A

<50-100/µL

60
Q

What color is the cytoplasm of basophils?

A

Dark purple dots

61
Q

What is the role of basophils in the immune system?

A

These release histamine and heparin, causing an allergic reaction and inflammation

62
Q

What is this?

A

Basophil

63
Q

What is this?

A

Basophil

64
Q

What is this?

A

Basophil

65
Q

What is the top cell in purple?

A

Basophil

66
Q

What is the bottom cell in purple?

A

Neutrophil

67
Q

What percent of leukocytes are lymphocytes?

A

25% or more

68
Q

What is the normal range for lymphocytes in the blood?

A

1,000-4,500/µL

69
Q

What size are the nuclei of lymphocytes?

A

About the same size as erythrocytes (7µm diameter)

70
Q

What shape are lymphocyte nuclei?

A

Spherical

71
Q

What might you see in lymphocytes?

A

A small crescent of cytoplasm

72
Q

What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?

A

Primary immune cells

73
Q

What percent of leukocytes are monocytes?

A

3-8%

74
Q

What is the normal range of monocytes in the blood?

A

100-700/µL

75
Q

What are distinguishing features of monocytes?

A

Abundant cytoplasm
Nucleus larger than other leukocytes
Often kidney/”C”/”U” shaped

76
Q

What are monocytes role in the immune system?

A

They become macrophages, tissue phagocytes

77
Q

What’s this?

A

Lymphocyte

78
Q

What are all three purple things?

A

Lymphocytes

79
Q

What’s this?

A

Monocyte

80
Q

What purple cell is on top?

A

Neutrophil

81
Q

What purple cell is on bottom?

A

Monocyte

82
Q

What’s this?

A

Monocyte

83
Q

How many platelets are in blood?

A

150000-400000/µL

84
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Blood clotting

84
Q

Where do platelets come from?

A

Megakaryocytes

85
Q

Are platelets cells?

A

No, they are cell fragments

86
Q

What’s this?

A

Platelets

87
Q

A

A

Erythrocytes

88
Q

B

A

Neutrophil

89
Q

C

A

Lymphocytes

90
Q

A

A

Lymphocyte

91
Q

B

A

Monocyte

92
Q

A

A

Platelets

93
Q

Top cell

A

Neutrophil

94
Q

Middle cell

A

Eosinophil

95
Q

Bottom cell

A

Lymphocyte

96
Q

Left cell

A

Eosinophil

97
Q

Right cell

A

Neutrophil

98
Q

Left cells

A

NOT CELLS! Platelets

99
Q

Middle cells

A

Neutrophils

100
Q

Right cells

A

Eosinophils

101
Q

Left cell

A

Lymphocyte

102
Q

Middle cell

A

Monocyte

103
Q

Right cell

A

Neutrophil

104
Q

Left cell

A

Monocyte

105
Q

Right cell

A

Neutrophil

106
Q

A

A

Neutrophil

107
Q

B

A

Monocyte

108
Q

A

A

Lymphocyte

109
Q

B

A

Neutrophil

110
Q

C

A

Monocyte

111
Q

What’s this?

A

Basophil

112
Q

What’s this?

A

Basophil

113
Q

What’s this?

A

Basophil

114
Q

What’s this?

A

Basophil

115
Q

What’s the cell on top?

A

Basophil

116
Q

What’s the cell on bottom?

A

Neutrophil

117
Q

Left cell

A

Neutrophil

118
Q

Right cells

A

Lymphocytes

119
Q

A

A

Neutrophil

120
Q

B

A

Monocyte

121
Q

C

A

Neutrophil

122
Q

What’s this?

A

Neutrophils

123
Q

What’s to the left?

A

Monocyte

124
Q

What’s to the right?

A

Neutrophils

125
Q

Top cell?

A

Lymphocyte

126
Q

Bottom cell?

A

Neutrophils

127
Q

Top 2 cells?

A

Lymphocytes

128
Q

Bottom cell?

A

Neutrophil

129
Q

What’s this?

A

Lymphocytes

130
Q

What’s this?

A

Neutrophil

131
Q

What’s this?

A

Sickle cell anemia

132
Q

What’s this?

A

Sickle cell anemia

133
Q

What’s this?

A

Sickle cell anemia

134
Q

What’s this?

A

Sickle cell anemia

135
Q

What’s this?

A

Sickle cell anemia

136
Q

What’s this?

A

Sickle cell anemia

137
Q

What’s this?

A

Sickle cell anemia

138
Q

What’s this?

A

Leukemia

139
Q

What’s this?

A

Leukemia

140
Q

What’s this?

A

Leukemia

141
Q

What’s this?

A

Leukemia

BIO 142 (6 decks)

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