Practical 1: Blood Flashcards
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Both are liquid components of blood.
Serum is the liquid that remains after the blood has clotted.
Plasma is the liquid that remains when clotting is prevented with the addition of anticoagulants
What is the group that RBC, WBC, and platelets are a part of?
Formed Elements
Which formed element carries O2?
Erythrocytes
Which formed element are part of the immune system?
Leukocytes
Which formed element begins blood clotting?
Platelets
What are most of the cells you see? (Not being pointed to)
Erythrocytes
What’s being pointed to?
Leukocytes
A
Neutrophil
B
Eosinophil
C
Lymphocyte
What are the purple objects?
Lymphocytes
How many erythrocytes in a female?
4.5 million/µL
How many erythrocytes in a male?
5.5 million/µL
What shape are erythrocytes?
Biconcave
What type of nucleus do erythrocytes have?
Anucleated, or enucleated
What is the diameter of an erythrocyte?
7 µm
How long do erythrocytes last/live?
120 days
What do erythrocytes do?
Carry O2 and some CO2
What is the total volume of blood in a female?
5L
What is the volume of blood in a male?
6L
What is hematocrit?
Ratio of erythrocyte volume/total blood volume (including plasma)
How do you measure hematocrit?
- Draw blood into a microtube/vacutainer
- Allow it to clot
- Spin lightly in centrifuge
- Look at the ratio (sink/float)
What is the normal hematocrit level for a female?
42%
What is the normal hematocrit level for a male?
47%
How much hemoglobin do females have?
12-16 g/dL
How much hemoglobin do males have?
13-18 g/dL
How many leukocytes are normally in the blood?
4,800-10,800/µL blood
What is the process of leukocytes becoming mobile and leaving blood to go into the extracellular interstitium and respond to pathogens?
Diapedesis
Where do leukocytes leave through in diapedesis?
The wall of the blood vessel
What is the movement used to diapedese?
Amoeboid movement/motion
What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?
Granulocytes are leukocytes that contain granules in their cytoplasm
Agranulocytes are leukocytes that lack granules in their cytoplasm
Are neutrophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Granulocytes
What’s another name for granulocytes?
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Polys)
Are eosinophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Granulocytes
Are basophils granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Granulocytes
What’s another name for agranulocytes?
Mononuclear leukocytes
Are lymphocytes granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Agranulocytes
Are monocytes granulocytes or agranulocytes?
Agranulocytes
What percent of leukocytes are neutrophils?
50-70%
What is the normal range of neutrophils in the blood?
2500-8000/µL
How many lobes do the neutrophil nuclei have?
3-7
What color are neutrophil cytoplasm?
Clearish
What are neutrophils role in the immune system?
Phagocytic
What is this?
Neutrophil
What is this?
Neutrophil
What is this?
Neutrophil
What is this?
Neutrophil
What percent of leukocytes are eosinophils?
2-4%
What’s the normal range of eosinophils in the blood?
<500/µL
How many lobes do eosinophil nuclei have?
2
What color is the cytoplasm of eosinophils?
Often pink/red due to granules…About the same color as erythrocytes
What increases the number of eosinophils?
Parasites and allergies
What are eosinophils role in the immune system?
Phagocytic
What is this?
Eosinophil
What is this?
Eosinophil
What is this?
Eosinophil
What is this?
Eosinophil
What percent of leukocytes are basophils?
<1%
What is the normal range of basophils in the blood?
<50-100/µL
What color is the cytoplasm of basophils?
Dark purple dots
What is the role of basophils in the immune system?
These release histamine and heparin, causing an allergic reaction and inflammation
What is this?
Basophil
What is this?
Basophil
What is this?
Basophil
What is the top cell in purple?
Basophil
What is the bottom cell in purple?
Neutrophil
What percent of leukocytes are lymphocytes?
25% or more
What is the normal range for lymphocytes in the blood?
1,000-4,500/µL
What size are the nuclei of lymphocytes?
About the same size as erythrocytes (7µm diameter)
What shape are lymphocyte nuclei?
Spherical
What might you see in lymphocytes?
A small crescent of cytoplasm
What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Primary immune cells
What percent of leukocytes are monocytes?
3-8%
What is the normal range of monocytes in the blood?
100-700/µL
What are distinguishing features of monocytes?
Abundant cytoplasm
Nucleus larger than other leukocytes
Often kidney/”C”/”U” shaped
What are monocytes role in the immune system?
They become macrophages, tissue phagocytes
What’s this?
Lymphocyte
What are all three purple things?
Lymphocytes
What’s this?
Monocyte
What purple cell is on top?
Neutrophil
What purple cell is on bottom?
Monocyte
What’s this?
Monocyte
How many platelets are in blood?
150000-400000/µL
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting
Where do platelets come from?
Megakaryocytes
Are platelets cells?
No, they are cell fragments
What’s this?
Platelets
A
Erythrocytes
B
Neutrophil
C
Lymphocytes
A
Lymphocyte
B
Monocyte
A
Platelets
Top cell
Neutrophil
Middle cell
Eosinophil
Bottom cell
Lymphocyte
Left cell
Eosinophil
Right cell
Neutrophil
Left cells
NOT CELLS! Platelets
Middle cells
Neutrophils
Right cells
Eosinophils
Left cell
Lymphocyte
Middle cell
Monocyte
Right cell
Neutrophil
Left cell
Monocyte
Right cell
Neutrophil
A
Neutrophil
B
Monocyte
A
Lymphocyte
B
Neutrophil
C
Monocyte
What’s this?
Basophil
What’s this?
Basophil
What’s this?
Basophil
What’s this?
Basophil
What’s the cell on top?
Basophil
What’s the cell on bottom?
Neutrophil
Left cell
Neutrophil
Right cells
Lymphocytes
A
Neutrophil
B
Monocyte
C
Neutrophil
What’s this?
Neutrophils
What’s to the left?
Monocyte
What’s to the right?
Neutrophils
Top cell?
Lymphocyte
Bottom cell?
Neutrophils
Top 2 cells?
Lymphocytes
Bottom cell?
Neutrophil
What’s this?
Lymphocytes
What’s this?
Neutrophil
What’s this?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s this?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s this?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s this?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s this?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s this?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s this?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s this?
Leukemia
What’s this?
Leukemia
What’s this?
Leukemia
What’s this?
Leukemia
