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Biology 105 > PPt.13: Cell Structure & Function Unit 2 > Flashcards

PPt.13: Cell Structure & Function Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

All living things are composed of cells

A

Cell theory

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2
Q

Most of cells metabolic activity occurs here

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Integral membrane proteins are suspended individually in the fluid phospholipid bilayer

A

Fluid mosaic model

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4
Q

Attached to integral proteins or membrane lipids on cytoplasmic side of membrane

A

Peripheral Proteins

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5
Q

Used to distinguish your own cells from those of disease-causing microbes

A

Recognition Proteins

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6
Q

Deliver chemical messages that act like switches to turn certain cell functions on or off when certain substances bind to them

A

Receptor Proteins

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7
Q

Involves the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

  • passive process
  • oxygen diffuses into red blood cells while CO2 diffuses out
A

Simple diffusion

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8
Q

A special case of diffusion involving the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in response to differences in solute concentrations on either side of the membrane
-Low solute concentration to high

A

Osmosis

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9
Q

Relative concentration of solutes on either side of cell membrane

A

Tonicity

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10
Q

One in which the concentration of solutes is the same on inside and outside of cell

A

Isotonic solution

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11
Q

(fresh water) the concentration of solutes is lower than that of the inside of the cell

A

Hypotonic solution

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12
Q

(salt water) the concentration of solutes is higher than that of the inside of the cell

A

Hypertonic solution

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13
Q

Channel proteins in cell membranes that allow water to pass through the membrane

A

Aquaporins

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14
Q

Although gases pass easily through cell membranes by simple diffusion, most water-soluble molecules cannot cross the lipid bilayer

A

Facilitated diffusion

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15
Q

Form pores in the bilipid layer through which certain ions can pass

A

Channel proteins

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16
Q

Stable membrane

A

Resting potential

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17
Q

Grab onto a specific kind of molecule on one side of the membrane and carry to other side
-must bind to solute

A

Carrier proteins

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18
Q

Insulin-regulated glucose transporter

A

Glut4

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19
Q

Although passive transport is efficient and requires no energy, sometimes it is necessary to move ions or molecules against a concentration gradient

A

Active Transport

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20
Q

The sum of the concentrations of the various ions, proteins and other organic compounds inside the cell

A

Osmolarity

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21
Q

Sometimes cells must take in particles or droplets of fluid that are too large to move across a cell membrane by either passive or active transport

A

Endocytosis

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22
Q

Membraneous sac

A

Vesicle

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23
Q

Engulfing particular material

A

Phagocytosis

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24
Q

Engulfing liquid material

A

Pinocytosis

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25
Q

Process highly specific and fast

A

Receptor mediated

26
Q

Cells create wastes or synthesized compounds to the outside

A

Exocytosis

27
Q

In eukaryotic cells, controls and regulates most cellular activity

A

Nucleus

28
Q

Composed of DNA and proteins which contain genes that control activities of cells

A

Chromosomes

29
Q

Ribosomes are manufactured here

A

Nucleoli

30
Q

Composed of RNA and proteins, “work bench”

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

Series of interconnected, membrane-bound channels that pass from nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

32
Q

Coated with ribosomes which make proteins

A

Rough ER

33
Q

Phospholipids and cholesterol form membranes and are found here

A

Smooth ER

34
Q

Packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to their destination

A

Golgi apparatus

35
Q

Membrane-bound packages

A

Vesicle

36
Q

Stacks of membrane-bound structures’ secretory pathway

A

Cisternae

37
Q

Digestive enzymes that can break down complex biological molecules into component subunits

A

Lysosomes

38
Q

Fluid-filled spaces found in plants and animals

A

Vacuoles

39
Q

In plants, occupies most of the space in mature cell and stores waste products

A

Central Vacuole

40
Q

Excretes excess water, enters by osmosis

A

Contractile vacuole

41
Q

Powerhouses, energy is extracted from food molecules and stored in high-energy bonds of ATP, Double membrane and inner membrane

A

Mitochondria

42
Q

Deep folds on inner layer

A

Cristae

43
Q

Organelles found in plants cells that contain pigments and enzymes necessary for converting sunlight energy into chemical bond energy during photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

44
Q

Green, light-absorbing pigment

A

Chlorophyll

45
Q

Stacks of structures in third membrane

A

Thylakoid

46
Q

Fluid around thylakoid stacks

A

Stroma

47
Q

Network of fibers and microtubules composed of proteins contained within cell’s cytoplasm, provides shape and support for cell, anchors organelles, used in vesicle transport

A

Cytoskeleton

48
Q

Thin moveable extensions of the plasma membrane made of microtubules that allow some cells to move through liquid medium

A

Cilia and Flagella

49
Q

Outside of the plasma membrane in bacteria, fungi and plants is a rigid, non-living structure that provides support and protection for cells

A

Cell Wall

50
Q

Small holes that allow transport and communication

A

Plasmodesmata

51
Q

Polymer in bacteria cells only consisting of sugar and amino acids

A

Peptidoglycan

52
Q

Eukaryotes arose by a fusion of several small, specialized prokaryotes into a larger, unspecialized one that benefited from the union

A

Endosymbiont Theory

53
Q

Why don’t Na+ ions cross plasma membrane all the time?

A

They can’t get through semi-permeable plasma membrane

54
Q

What would make Na+ ions want to go into the cell?

A

Na+ ion concentrations are higher outside a cell than inside a cell (concentration gradient)

55
Q

Travel from one neuron and bind to the plasma membrane of the next

A

Neurotransmitters

56
Q

Released at neuromuscular junctions

A

Acetylcholine

57
Q

Released from neurons

A

Norepinephrine

58
Q

Contains rough ER and Golgi

A

Nerve cell body

59
Q

Conduct nerve impulses toward nerve cell body

A

Dendrites

60
Q

Conducts electrical impulses away from nerve cell body clostridium botulinum block release of acetylcholine from neurons inhibiting exocytosis of transport vesicles containing acetylcholine

A

Axon

Biology 105 (30 decks)

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