PPt. 18: Organismal Reproduction Unit 3 Flashcards
Single cell simply splits into two more or less equal sized daughter cells
Binary fission
A new organism develops from specialized cells on an existing organism
Budding
Parts of the plant fall off and develop into new plants
Vegetative reproduction
Involves the spontaneous development of an unfertilized egg
Parthenogenesis
Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
1) Fast, Meiosis takes time
2) Don’t need to find a mate
3) Favorable gene combinations maintained
Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
1) In a changing environment, genetic variation necessary for adaptation
2) Risk of extinction by biotic interactions
3) Increase of harmful alleles
Advantages of Sexual Reproduction
1) Generates novel gene combinations, some of which might provide an advantage in the face of antagonistic biotic interactions
2) Reduces expression of potentially harmful genes
Disadvantage of Sexual Reproduction
1) The production of males is a cost to the rate of reproduction relative to rates of asexual populations
2) Recombination may break up favorable gene combinations
3) Pass on only 50% of genes
4) Must get male and female gametes in contact which is never certain
Ability of an organism to survive and successfully reproduce relative to other members of same species
Fitness
Eggs released and then fertilized is what type of fertilization? Usually with aquatic animals
External Fertilization
Male transports sperm to female is which type of fertilization? Bird eggs
Internal Fertilization, external development
Improves chances of egg and sperm meeting in protected environment
Internal Fertilization, Internal Development
Retain young in protected environment
Viviparous animals
Time between conception and birth is short, fetus continues to develop in mothers pouch called a marsupium
Marsupials
Connection between mother and fetus in mammals
Placenta
