PPt.11: The Chemistry of Life Unit 2

Question 1

How many naturally occurring elements are on earth

Answer 1

90

Question 2

Basic indivisible unit

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

Positively charged (+1), found in the nucleus

Answer 3

Protons

Question 4

Neutral particles found in the nucleus

Answer 4

Neutrons

Question 5

Negatively charged (-1), found outside of the nucleus

Answer 5

Electrons

Question 6

Refers to the number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 6

Atomic Number

Question 7

Refers to the approximate mass of the atom, which is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Answer 7

Atomic Mass

Question 8

Does not change form into other atomic forms

Answer 8

Stable

Question 9

Unstable, change over time

Answer 9

Radioactive

Question 10

Comparing ratio of radioisotopes to stable product is how you…

Answer 10

Determine age of objects

Question 11

Each atom has a nucleus around which are electrons found in orbitals, located in the shells

Answer 11

Bohr Model

Question 12

Volume within which an electron can be found 90% of the time

Answer 12

Orbital

Question 13

The distance outside the nucleus that these electrons are located in

Answer 13

Shells

Question 14

If an electron gains or loses energy, it does so in ______ amounts

Answer 14

Discrete

Question 15

The shells of some elements can have as many as __ electrons

Answer 15

32

Question 16

When the outermost orbital is filled with the maximum # of electrons

Answer 16

Most stable configuration

Question 17

Displays the elements based on their atomic numbers

Answer 17

Periodic Table

Question 18

Charged atoms

Answer 18

Ions

Question 19

Positively charged ions

Answer 19

Cations

Question 20

Negatively charged ions

Answer 20

Anions

Question 21

Atoms of most elements possess the property of binding to other atoms to form new and more complex molecules

Answer 21

Chemical Bonds

Question 22

Gaining or losing the required number of electrons in the outermost shell

Answer 22

Ionic Bonds

Question 23

Does not involve complete transfer of electrons, rather the sharing of pairs of electrons

Answer 23

Covalent Bonds

Question 24

In covalent bonds, if it is shared equally it results in a _________ covalent bond

Answer 24

Nonpolar

Question 25

In covalent bonds, if it is not shared equally between two different molecules it is a ______ covalent bond

Answer 25

Polar

Question 26

H-H is a

Answer 26

Single bond

Question 27

O=O is a

Answer 27

Double bond

Question 28

How many covalent bonds in Hydrogen

Answer 28

1

Question 29

How many covalent bonds in Oxygen

Answer 29

2

Question 30

How many covalent bonds in Nitrogen

Answer 30

3

Question 31

How many covalent bonds in Carbon

Answer 31

4

Question 32

A single hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen is attracted to another atom
-relatively weak, does not take much energy to break

Answer 32

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 33

Interaction between nonpolar molecules

Answer 33

Hydrophobic Interactions

Question 34

Increased Hydrogen Ion concentration when dissolved in water

Answer 34

Acid

Question 35

Increased Hydroxide concentration when dissolved in water

Answer 35

Bases

Question 36

Covalent bond in water molecule break spontaneously

Answer 36

Ionization

Question 37

Negative logarithm of concentration of hydrogen ions

Answer 37

pH

Question 38

pH scale

Answer 38

Runs from 0-14, 7 is neutral

Question 39

Less than 7

Answer 39

Acidic

Question 40

Greater than 7

Answer 40

Basic

Question 41

2 is a

Answer 41

Strong acid

Question 42

6 is a

Answer 42

Weak acid

Question 43

14 is a

Answer 43

Strong base

Question 44

8 is a

Answer 44

Weak base