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Biology 105 > PPt.12: Biological Molecules Unit 2 > Flashcards

PPt.12: Biological Molecules Unit 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Chemistry of carbon-containing compound

A

Organic Chemistry

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2
Q

Long chain molecules

A

Polymers

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3
Q

Process of forming polymers

A

Polymerization

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4
Q

Attach to the carbon backbone and determine the actual properties of an organic compound

A

Functional Group

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5
Q

The process of converting light energy into chemical bond energy

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

A type of cleavage reaction that breaks polymers into smaller units (monomers)

A

Hydrolosis

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7
Q

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen usually in the proportion 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

Simple sugars

A

Monosaccharides

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9
Q

Example of monosaccharide

A

Fructose

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10
Q

An important sugar that is used by your body for energy or to form larger energy-storing and structural polymers

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Double sugars formed from monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

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12
Q

Disaccharides formed by _______ _______

A

Dehydration synthesis

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13
Q

Hydrogen group represented as

A

(-H)

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14
Q

Hydroxyl group represented as

A

(-OH)

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15
Q

Carboxyl group represented as

A

(-COOH)

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16
Q

Amino group represented as

A

(-NH2)

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17
Q

Phosphate group represented as

A

(-PO4)

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18
Q

Methyl group represented as

A

(-CH3)

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19
Q

Hydrogen group composed of

A

Almost all organic molecules

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20
Q

Hydroxyl group composed of

A

Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, alcohols and acids

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21
Q

Carboxyl group composed of

A

Amino acids, fatty acids

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22
Q

Carboxyl group composed of

A

Amino acids, fatty acis

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23
Q

Amino group composed of

A

Aminoacids, nucleic acids

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24
Q

Phosphate group composed of

A

Nucleic acids, phospholipids

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25
Q

Methyl group composed of

A

Many organic molecules, lipids

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26
Q

acts as a base; found in cells in the ionized form with a charge of 1+

A

Amino Group

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27
Q

If group is at end of the carbon; within a carbon skeleton

A

Carbonyl Group

28
Q

Acts as an acid because it can donate hydrogen ions

A

Carboxyl Group

29
Q

Polar, can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules to dissolve polar compounds

A

Hydroxyl Group and Phosphate Group

30
Q

Enzymes remove an -OH from one molecule and an -H from another, then join to form a water molecule

A

Condensation Dehydration Synthesis

31
Q

Enzymes remove an -OH from one molecule and an -H from another, then join to form a water molecule

A

Condensation Dehydration Synthesis

32
Q

Type of cleavage reaction that breaks polymers into smaller units (monomers)

A

Hydrolysis

33
Q

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in proportion 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrates

34
Q

Double sugars formed from monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

A

Disaccharides

35
Q

Complex carbohydrates composed of many simple sugar molecules joined together

A

Polysaccharides

36
Q

Covalent bonds between two simple sugars within a disaccharide or polysaccharide

A

Alpha/Beta linkages

37
Q

Easily digested by humans

A

Alpha

38
Q

Stronger and more stable

A

Beta

39
Q

Nitrogen containing polysaccharide

A

Chitin

40
Q

Molecules that share two important features

1) Contain long regions composed almost entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms joined by non-polar bonds
2) Non-polar regions make _______ hydrophobic and insoluble in water

A

Lipids

41
Q

Long chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxyl group at one end

A

Fatty acids

42
Q

In blood plasma, come from fats eaten in foods or made in the body

A

Trigylcerides

43
Q

All carbons occupied with hydrogens, holding as many hydrogens as possible

A

Saturated fatty acids

44
Q

Have at least one carbon with a double bond, which causes kinks that keep molecules apart, maintaining liquid state

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

45
Q

Fats produced by heating liquid vegetable oils in presence of hydrogen known as hydrogenation

A

Trans fatty acids

46
Q

Hard at room temperature, not a source of energy

A

Waxes

47
Q

Form a lipid bilayer that serves as a boundary between cells and external environment

A

Phospholipids

48
Q

Contains a hydrophilic and hydrophobic portion

A

Amphipathic

49
Q

Water loving

A

Hydrophilic

50
Q

Water fearing or resistant

A

Hydrophobic

51
Q

Different because they are composed of four rings of carbon fused together with various functional groups attached

A

Steroids

Ex. Cholesterol, non-polar

52
Q

Most important function is to serve as enzymes, biological catalysts that guide most chemical reactions in the body

A

Proteins

53
Q

How do you know whether or not the amino acid is hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

If side chains (R groups) consist mainly of hydrogens and carbons they are hydrophobic

54
Q

Result chain of two amino acids

A

Peptide

55
Q

Refers to linear sequence of amino acids

A

Primary Structure

56
Q

Hydrogen bonding occurs between atoms of polypeptide backbone

A

Secondary Structure

57
Q

Coiled spiral

A

Helix

58
Q

Oxygen-binding protein found in muscle tissue of vertebrates

A

Myoglobin

59
Q

Complex, 3 dimensional arrangement protein chains

A

Tertiary Structure

60
Q

2 cysteine amino acids found together with a strong double bond

A

Disulphide bonds

61
Q

2 oppositely charged ‘R’ groups found close together

A

Ionic bonds

62
Q

Several polypeptide chains formed together Ex. Hemoglobin

A

Quaternary Structure

63
Q

One of the most abundant proteins in vertebrates

A

Collagen

64
Q

Composed of necleotides, 3 part structure

A

Nucleic Acids

65
Q

Contains proteins

A

RNA

66
Q

Carry and store energy

A

Adenosine Triphosphate, ATP

Biology 105 (30 decks)

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