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Biology 105 > PPt. 17: Cell Reproduction Unit 3 > Flashcards

PPt. 17: Cell Reproduction Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process by which one cell gives rise to two or more cells, usually called daughter cells

A

Cell division

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2
Q

The daughter cells or resulting organisms are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell that produced them

A

Asexual reproduction

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3
Q

Results in cells or organisms that are not genetically identical to each other or to the parent that produced them

A

Sexual reproduction

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4
Q

Cell splits into two daughter cells, each containing same genetic information

A

Binary fission

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5
Q

Division of nucleus, results in the formation of two nuclei, each containing identical sets of chromosomes

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

The division of cytoplasm into 2 new cells

A

Cytokinesis

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7
Q

Eggs and sperm known as _______

A

Gametes

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8
Q

Gametes are produced through
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Asexual Reproduction

A

B. Mitosis

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9
Q

Orderly sequence of activities that make up life of cell, from one division to next

A

Cell cycle

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10
Q

Long period of growth during which the cell replicates its DNA, followed by binary fission

A

Prokaryotic cell cycle

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11
Q

DNA is replicated during ______ phase

A

Growth

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12
Q

Alleles come from _______

A

Mutations

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13
Q

More complex, contain more DNA, DNA is packaged differently

A

Eukaryotic cell cycle

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14
Q

Sections of DNA that contain information that can be translated into action by cell

A

Genes

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15
Q

How is all of that DNA packaged so tightly into chromosomes and a tiny nucleus?

A

The fact that certain proteins compact chromosomal DNA into the microscopic space of the eukaryotic nucleus

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16
Q

Proteins, provide energy to fold DNA

A

Histones

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17
Q

Resulting DNA, protein complex

A

Chromatin

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18
Q

Chromatin is __% DNA and __% Proteins

A

40, 60

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19
Q

Basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes

A

Nucleosome

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20
Q

Consists of approximately 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped in left-hand superhelical turns around a histone octamer

A

Core particle

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21
Q

Entire set of chromosomes contained within a cell

A

Karyotope

22
Q

Cells that contain two copies of each chromosome

A

Diploid

23
Q

Chromosomes within same gene

A

Homologous

24
Q

Cell acquires nutrients from its surroundings, grows and duplicates genetic material

A

Interphase

25
Q

Period where chromosomes are duplicated

A

Synthesis phase

26
Q

Two strands of DNA, attached to each other at a region called the centromere

A

Chromatids

27
Q

Protein structure for attaching chromatids to microtubules to move them

A

Kinetochore

28
Q

The chromosomes shorten, thicken and become visisble with a light microscope

A

Prophase

29
Q

Spindle fibers move duplicated chromosomes so they line up along the equator of the cell

A

Metaphase

30
Q

Sister chromatids separate, becoming independent daughter chromosomes

A

Anaphase

31
Q

Reverse of prophase, spindle microtubules disintegrate, nuclear membrane forms

A

Telophase

32
Q

Vesicles from Golgi complex fuse together

A

Cell plate

33
Q

When cell cycle goes wrong=_______

A

Cancer

34
Q

Causes of cancer

A

Radiation, Heredity, Pesticides, Viruses

35
Q

Leads to production of sex cells

A

Meiosis

36
Q

Containing one chromosome

A

Haploid

37
Q

Diploid condition restored with a zygote

A

Fertilization

38
Q

Pairs of duplicated homologous chromosomes line up side by side so they line up their entire length

A

Prophase I

39
Q

Consist of 4 chromatids bound together

A

Tetrads

40
Q

2 chromosomes bound together

A

Bivalents

41
Q

Spindle microtubules move the paired homologous chromosomes to equator of cell

A

Metaphase I

42
Q

Spindle microtubules pull one duplicated chromosome from each homologous pair to each dividing cell

A

Anaphase I

43
Q

Spindle microtubules disappear and the nuclear membrane is reformed around each cluster

A

Telophase I

44
Q

Immediately after Meiosis I, identical to Mitosis

A

Meiosis II

45
Q

Nuclear membranes reform to enclose each set of chromosomes, cytokinesis takes place

A

Telophase II

46
Q

Homologous chromosomes come together

A

Crossing over

47
Q

Line up along equator

A

Independent assortment

48
Q

Fusion of gametes to form a new diploid individual, increase in genetic variability

A

Fertilization

49
Q

Number of cells produced through Mitosis

A

2

50
Q

Number of cells produced through Meiosis

A

4

Biology 105 (30 decks)

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