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Biology 105 > PPt.10: Chemical Cycles in Ecosystems Unit 2 > Flashcards

PPt.10: Chemical Cycles in Ecosystems Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Can energy be recycled?

A

No

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2
Q

Can matter be recycled?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Building blocks of biomass

A

Chemical Nutrients

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4
Q

Example of Chemical Nutrients

A

Nitrogen in nitrates makes protein

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5
Q

Nutrients can be lost in 2 ways

A
  1. Run-off stream

2. Atmosphere

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6
Q

How much of the earth is water?

A

3/4 of the planet

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7
Q

How much water makes up living organisms?

A

70-90%

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8
Q

Which equation represents photosynthesis?
A. CO2+H20+energy=C6H12O6+O2
B. C6H12O6+O2=energy+CO2+H2O

A

A. CO2+H20+energy=C6H12O6+O2

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9
Q

Which equation represents Cellular Respiration
A. CO2+H20+energy=C6H12O6+O2
B. C6H12O6+O2=energy+CO2+H2O

A

B. C6H12O6+O2=energy+CO2+H2O

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10
Q

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons

A

Electronegativity

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11
Q

The side with oxygen carries _____ charge, the side with hydrogen carries _____ charge.

A

Negative, Positive

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12
Q

Water is a ______ ______

A

Polar Molecule

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13
Q

Electrostatic attraction between polar molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

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14
Q

Properties of Water

1) High Specific Heat:

A

Takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of water

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15
Q

Oceans are holding __-__% of heat causing global warming

A

80-90%

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16
Q

Properties of Water

2) High Heat of Vaporization

A

Takes 2,260 Joules/gram to evaporate water

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17
Q

Boiling Point=

A

100 degree C

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18
Q

When hydrogen bonds break,

A

Releases a liquid gas

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19
Q

Properties of Water

3) Latent Heat of Fusion

A

It takes 334 Joules/gram to make ice a liquid state

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20
Q

Oceans would rise if heat fusion was
A. Lower
B. Higher

A

A. Lower

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21
Q

Properties of Water

4) Universal Solvent

A

Water can dissolve more substances because of its polarity

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22
Q

Ex. of Ionic compound

A

Salt

23
Q

Ex. Polar molecules

A

Sugar

24
Q

Ex. of non-polar molecules

A

Fats and lipids do not dissolve

25
Q

How many layers of lipids around each cell?

A

2

26
Q

Properties of Water

5) Maximum Density at 4 degrees C

A

Water gets less dense below 4 degrees

27
Q

Ice floats because

A

It is less dense, more empty spaces

28
Q

Development of layers of differing temperature

A

Stratification

29
Q

Properties of Water
6) Cohesion and Adhesion
What is the difference?

A

Cohesion is the force of attraction between same molecules or substances, Adhesion is force of attraction between different molecules or substances

30
Q

Define Cohesion and give example

A

Attraction between same substances or molecules

Ex. Water touching Water

31
Q

Define Adhesion and give an example

A

Attraction between two different substances or molecules

Ex. Water and glass

32
Q

Properties of Water
7) Surface Tension
Water has a high surface tension caused by,

A

The strong cohesion between water molecules

Ex. explains how some insects can walk on water

33
Q

Properties of Water

8) Capillary Action

A

Water rises into a narrow tube against the force of gravity into plants and trees

34
Q

Water carrying tissue

A

Xylem

35
Q

Pores in leaves

A

Stomates

36
Q

Process where one water molecule leaves

A

Evapotransportation

37
Q

Properties of Water

9) Transparency

A

Light can pass through water

38
Q

Process driven by solar energy which evaporates water

A

Hydrologic cycle

39
Q

Photosynthesis and Respiration are part of which process

A

Carbon Cycle

40
Q

How much of earth’s atmosphere is carbon?

A

.04%

41
Q

What 2 reasons have caused carbon dioxide levels to rise in the last 200 years?

A

1) Burning of fossil fuels

2) Clearing of tropical forests

42
Q

Describe the Greenhouse effect from Power point 10

A

Short wave radiations from the sun, Long wave radiations heat atmosphere, Earth would be too cold without it

43
Q

Nitrogen is an essential part of _______

A

Proteins, which make up enzymes

44
Q

Nitrogen makes up how much of earth’s atmosphere?

A

78%

45
Q

4 Stages:

Nitrogen must be converted into an organic form

A

Nitrogen Fixation

46
Q

Belongs to a group of plants with roots containing bacteria that does the transformation. Has a hard shell with bumps.

A

Legumes

47
Q

4 Stages:

When a plant or animal dies or an animal expels waste, the initial form of nitrogen is organic

A

Ammonification

48
Q

4 Stages:

Conversion of ammonia to nitrate is performed primarily by soil-living bacteria

A

Nitrification

49
Q

Ammonia gas is toxic to plants so must be converted from _____ to _____

A

Nitrates to Nitrites

50
Q

4 Stages:

Reduction of nitrates back into the largely inert nitrogen gas

A

Dentrification

51
Q

Some _________ produce toxins

A

Cyanobacteria

52
Q

Released through volcanic eruptions

A

Sulphur

53
Q

Human activity has altered the ______ ______

A

Phosphorus Cycle

Biology 105 (30 decks)

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