PPt.10: Chemical Cycles in Ecosystems Unit 2 Flashcards
Can energy be recycled?
No
Can matter be recycled?
Yes
Building blocks of biomass
Chemical Nutrients
Example of Chemical Nutrients
Nitrogen in nitrates makes protein
Nutrients can be lost in 2 ways
- Run-off stream
2. Atmosphere
How much of the earth is water?
3/4 of the planet
How much water makes up living organisms?
70-90%
Which equation represents photosynthesis?
A. CO2+H20+energy=C6H12O6+O2
B. C6H12O6+O2=energy+CO2+H2O
A. CO2+H20+energy=C6H12O6+O2
Which equation represents Cellular Respiration
A. CO2+H20+energy=C6H12O6+O2
B. C6H12O6+O2=energy+CO2+H2O
B. C6H12O6+O2=energy+CO2+H2O
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons
Electronegativity
The side with oxygen carries _____ charge, the side with hydrogen carries _____ charge.
Negative, Positive
Water is a ______ ______
Polar Molecule
Electrostatic attraction between polar molecules
Hydrogen bond
Properties of Water
1) High Specific Heat:
Takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of water
Oceans are holding __-__% of heat causing global warming
80-90%
Properties of Water
2) High Heat of Vaporization
Takes 2,260 Joules/gram to evaporate water
Boiling Point=
100 degree C
When hydrogen bonds break,
Releases a liquid gas
Properties of Water
3) Latent Heat of Fusion
It takes 334 Joules/gram to make ice a liquid state
Oceans would rise if heat fusion was
A. Lower
B. Higher
A. Lower
Properties of Water
4) Universal Solvent
Water can dissolve more substances because of its polarity
Ex. of Ionic compound
Salt
Ex. Polar molecules
Sugar
Ex. of non-polar molecules
Fats and lipids do not dissolve
How many layers of lipids around each cell?
2
Properties of Water
5) Maximum Density at 4 degrees C
Water gets less dense below 4 degrees
Ice floats because
It is less dense, more empty spaces
Development of layers of differing temperature
Stratification
Properties of Water
6) Cohesion and Adhesion
What is the difference?
Cohesion is the force of attraction between same molecules or substances, Adhesion is force of attraction between different molecules or substances
Define Cohesion and give example
Attraction between same substances or molecules
Ex. Water touching Water
Define Adhesion and give an example
Attraction between two different substances or molecules
Ex. Water and glass
Properties of Water
7) Surface Tension
Water has a high surface tension caused by,
The strong cohesion between water molecules
Ex. explains how some insects can walk on water
Properties of Water
8) Capillary Action
Water rises into a narrow tube against the force of gravity into plants and trees
Water carrying tissue
Xylem
Pores in leaves
Stomates
Process where one water molecule leaves
Evapotransportation
Properties of Water
9) Transparency
Light can pass through water
Process driven by solar energy which evaporates water
Hydrologic cycle
Photosynthesis and Respiration are part of which process
Carbon Cycle
How much of earth’s atmosphere is carbon?
.04%
What 2 reasons have caused carbon dioxide levels to rise in the last 200 years?
1) Burning of fossil fuels
2) Clearing of tropical forests
Describe the Greenhouse effect from Power point 10
Short wave radiations from the sun, Long wave radiations heat atmosphere, Earth would be too cold without it
Nitrogen is an essential part of _______
Proteins, which make up enzymes
Nitrogen makes up how much of earth’s atmosphere?
78%
4 Stages:
Nitrogen must be converted into an organic form
Nitrogen Fixation
Belongs to a group of plants with roots containing bacteria that does the transformation. Has a hard shell with bumps.
Legumes
4 Stages:
When a plant or animal dies or an animal expels waste, the initial form of nitrogen is organic
Ammonification
4 Stages:
Conversion of ammonia to nitrate is performed primarily by soil-living bacteria
Nitrification
Ammonia gas is toxic to plants so must be converted from _____ to _____
Nitrates to Nitrites
4 Stages:
Reduction of nitrates back into the largely inert nitrogen gas
Dentrification
Some _________ produce toxins
Cyanobacteria
Released through volcanic eruptions
Sulphur
Human activity has altered the ______ ______
Phosphorus Cycle
