Posterior Thigh, Popliteal Fossa and Posterior Leg Flashcards
What are the 3 Glutei muscles?
Glutei Maximus, Medius, Minimus
G Maximus: Insertion, Action and Innervation?
I: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: Extension of the thigh
I: Inferior Gluteal Nerve
What are action and innervation of Gluteus Medius and Minimus?
A: ABduction of lower limb
I: Superior Gluteal Nerve
What is usual function of abductors of hip joint?
Hold pelvis level when taking off one foot from ground
Where do the gluteal vessels and nerves emerge from?
Greater Sciatic Foramen
Sciatic Nerve: Roots, Innervation and Bifurcation?
R: L4-S3
I: Muscles of posterior thigh and hamstring of adductor magnus
B: Tibial and Fibular (Peroneal) nerves
What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?
1) Lateral: Biceps femoris
2) Medial: Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus (Sup to memb)
What is the action and innervation of muscles in posterior thigh?
A: Extension at hip and flexion at knee
I: Sciatic Nerve L4-S3
Where does biceps femoris insert?
Head of Fibula
What muscles form the superior borders of the popliteal fossa?
S-M: Semimembranosus Muscle
S-Lat: Biceps femoris
What muscles form the inferior borders of popliteal fossa?
I-M: Medial head of gastrocnemius
I-L: Lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? (4)
1) Popliteal Artery
2) Popliteal Vein
3) Tibial Nerve
4) Common Peroneal (Fibular) nerve
What artery and veins develop into the popliteal arteries and veins?
Artery: Femoral (Through adductor canal)
Vein: Great Saphenous
Where is surface anatomy of sciatic nerve and what does a transection of it cause?
SM: Lower medial quadrant of buttock
SN: Loss of hamstring function and of muscles below the knee
What are the 2 superficial muscles in posterior compartment of thigh?
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
What are the actions of gastrocnemius?
1) Plantarflexion at ankle
2) Flexion at the knee
What do Gastrocnemius and Soleus combine to form?
Calcaneal Tendon
What is the action of soleus?
Plantarflexion
What is posterior leg innervated by?
Tibial Nerve
What are the 4 deep muscles in posterior leg?
1) Tibialis Posterior
2) Flexor Hallucis Longus
3) Flexor Digitalis Longus
4) Popliteus
How many tarsal bones are there in total? (And names of them?)
7:
Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, Lateral, Intermediate and Medial Cuneiforms
What is compartment syndrome?
Bleeding, oedema and infection increase pressure of a compartment.
Increased pressure leads to blood flow causing ischaemia
