Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of the larynx?

Answer 1

1) Cough reflex
2) Protect lower RT
3) Phonation

Question 2

What type of epithelia covers the vocal folds?

Answer 2

Stratified squamous epithelium, so can withstand the vibrations and opening/closing

Question 3

How is the larynx supplied by blood?

Answer 3

Superior and Inferior laryngeal arteries

Question 4

What does RLN supply?

Answer 4

Motor innervation to intrinsic muscles of larynx (NOT CRICOTHYROID)

Question 5

What does Internal branch of SLN supply?

Answer 5

Sensory Inn to laryngopharynx and larynx

Question 6

How is the cricothyroid supplied by motor innervation?

Answer 6

External branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 7

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages in larynx?

Answer 7

1) Cricoid (Hyaline)
2) Thyroid (Hyaline)
3) Epiglottis (Elastic)

Question 8

What are the 3 paired cartilages in larynx?

Answer 8

1) Arytenoid
2) Cuneiform
3) Corniculate

Question 9

What do 2 sheets of thyroid cartilage form in the midline?

Answer 9

Laryngeal prominence

Question 10

What vertebral level is the larynx inferior body level with?

Answer 10

C6

Question 11

Cuneiform cartilage location and function

Answer 11

Within the aryepiglottic folds. They strengthen the folds.

Question 12

Name the space between the vocal cords?

Answer 12

Rima glottidis

Question 13

What is the superior vestibular fold of VC?

Answer 13

False vocal cords

Question 14

What are the extrinsic pharynx muscles?

Answer 14

Suprahyoid, Stylopharyngeus, infrahyoid

Question 15

Larynx extrinsic muscles function?

Answer 15

Move larynx superiorly and inferiorly during swallowing

Question 16

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 16

1) Omohyoid
2) Sternohyoid
3) Sternothyroid
4) Thyrohyoid
Function: Control shape of RG, and length/tension of vocal folds

Question 17

How are intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated?

Answer 17

RLN (Not cricothyroid)

Question 18

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscles?

Answer 18

Stretches and tenses the vocal cords. Important for the creation of speech.

Question 19

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscles?

Answer 19

Relaxes the vocal ligament, allowing for a softer voice.

Question 20

Function of 2 cricoarytenoid muscles?

Answer 20

1) Post: Adduction of vocal folds, narrow rima glottidis

2) Lateral: Abduction of VF, widen RG

Question 21

Transverse arytenoid function?

Answer 21

Adduction of arytenoid cartilage, narrowing laryngeal inlet

Question 22

What is the function of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Answer 22

Sequentially contract to propel food into oesophagus (Bolus)

Question 23

Name 3 sections of Pharynx and length of extension?

Answer 23

A) Naso, Oro and Laryngo(Hypo)

B) From base of skull to C6

Question 24

What are the 3 longitudinal pharyngeal muscles called and their function?

Answer 24

1) Stylo, salpingo and palato - pharyngeus

2) Shorten and widen pharynx, (elevate it during swallowing too)

Question 25

Origin of Stylopharyngeus and Innervation?

Answer 25

Styloid process of temporal bone, Innervated by GP nerve (CN IX)

Question 26

Origin of each constrictor muscle?

Answer 26

S: Pterygoid plate & Pterygomandibular raphe
M: Hyoid bone
I: Thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Question 27

What nerve supplies sensory/taste innervation of posterior 1/3 of tongue and where exit cranial cavity?

Answer 27

1) GP Nerve

2) Through jugular foramen

Question 28

Which nerves supply 1) Sensory sensation and 2) Taste sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 28

1) Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

2) Facial Nerve (CN 7)

Question 29

What does elevation of soft palate do?

Answer 29

Closes orifice between naso and oropharynx. Prevent food refluxing in nose during swallowing.

Question 30

What is the function of the tonsils?

Answer 30

Consolidation of lymphoid tissue, as prevent infection by stopping germs entering the mouth and nose.

Question 31

What 2 glands produce saliva and innervations?

Answer 31

1) Parotid (Facial CN 7)

2) Sub-Mandibular (Facial CN 7)