Introduction to Respiratory and Cardiovascular Flashcards
Term for listening to heart with stethoscope?
Auscultate
Difference between 2 lung lobes and what are they separated by?
Right Lung: 3 Lobes, Left Lung: 2 Lobes
Separated by fissures
Describe the descending structure of the neck (3)
1) Hyoid Bone
2) Thyroid Cartilage (Laryngeal Prom)
3) Cricoid Cartilage (C-T Membrane)
Positions of the chest to hear 4 heart valves?
1) Aortic: Right Sternal (2IS)
2) PV: L Sternal
3) TV: LSEdge (4IS)
4) MV: RSEdge (5IS)
Where and why is smooth muscle found in the Respiratory System? (2)
1) Bronchi and Bronchioles
2) Can change airway based on O2 demand due to change in level from OC
How many Bronchopulmonary segments in the lungs?
10
How many and types of fissures on each lung?
1) RL: Oblique and Horizontal
2) LL: Oblique
Blood vessels found in the Hilum? (3)
1) Bronchial Artery
2) Pulmonary Artery
3) Pulmonary Veins (x2)
How many types of Pleurae?
1) Parietal (Outer)
2) Visceral (Inner)
(Pleural Cavity inbetween with serous fluid)
3 dimensions that Thorax changes to decrease TC?
1) Diaphragm (S–>I)
2) Lungs (L)
3) Lungs (A–>P)
Function of Parasympathetic Fibres in lungs?
Run vertical to move diaphragm (Contain tendons so don’t contract)
Why do lots of muscles connect to the first rib?
Pull 1st rib up, which then lifts up rest of ribs and sternum
Difference between EIM and IIM?
IIM found deeper and run at 90 degree
Which muscles help squash TC?
1) Scapula
2) Pectoralis Major
3) Latissimus Dorsi
What are the 2 circuits the heart sends blood into?
1) Pulmonary (Lungs)
2) Systemic (Rest of the Body)
What happens at the RA?
Receives DOB from VC’s and has TV. Then to RV and PA (Splits into L&R)
What happens at the LA?
OB from PV and has MV. Then to LV and A
Four surfaces of Heart?
1) S-C (Front) (RA&V)
2) Diaphragmatic (V’s)
3) RHS/LHS
4) Inferior (RA)
Two Pericardium types?
1) Serous: Smooth contours to the heart
2) Fibrous: Encases and Protective Membrane
What do CA’s do and where are they found?
1) Supply respective side of heart with blood
2) Found in grooves between A&V
What happens as Pressure in Cardiac Muscle increases?
Pressure in Aorta V, PA LCA V, so won’t flow into muscle (Except in diastole)
What is an Angiogram used for?
Used to examine inside of the CA, X-ray shows up parts which don’t absorb
Why is X-Ray a negative image?
Easier for brain to see, so dense stuff appears white/light and air black
What are the peaks and troughs in an ECG?
1) Peak: Ionic Movement
2) Restoring the AP in cells (takes longer)
Which 3 thorax areas appear white and why?
1) Heart: Muscle and blood
2) Abdomen: Tissue
3) Bones: Calcium
Why does the RL appear lighter?
More dense, as less air
What happens if object closer to surface or X-ray found to be further away?
Lower magnification will result
