Heart and Pericardium Flashcards
What are the 3 branches in arch of aorta?
1) Brachiocephalic trunk
2) (L) Common Carotid artery
3) (L) Subclavian artery
Branches of brachiocephalic?
alphabetical
1) Right Common Carotid
2) Right Subclavian artery
What is remnant of ligamentum arteriosum? And foetal function?
1) Ductus Arteriosum
2) Shunt blood between PT and Aorta, to bypass non functioning lungs
What branch does Left Vagus give off as crosses AofA?
Left recurrent laryngeal
Anatomical course of LPN?
Crosses AofA, descends in front of Root of Lung
Anatomical course of RPN?
On large veins, and along right side of heart across root of lung
Where is phrenic nerve derived from?
C3,4,5 (Cervical plexus)
What does PN supply?
Motor innervation to diaphragm,
Sensory innervation to pleura, peritoneum and pericardium
Anatomical course of LVN?
Crosses aorta, behind root of lung, breaks up into branches on oesophagus and leaves thorax as anterior gastric
Anatomical course of RVN?
On trachea, crosses behind root, and branches on oesophagus as posterior gastric
Where do PN and VN enter diaphragm?
1) PN: Central tendon alongside IVC (T8)
2) VN: Oesophageal hiatus (T10)
Pericardial layers? (3)
1) Outer fibrous
2) Parietal serous
3) Visceral serous
Structures forming LHS border of heart?
Left Pulmonary artery, auricular appendage and ventricle
Surface marking for apex?
5th Is in MCL
Right border of heart?
Right sternal edge
Where is RCA found?
A-V sulcus (Right coronary sulcus)
3 branches of RCA?
1) SAN branch
2) Right marginal
3) Posterior inter-ventricular branch (90% hearts where arises from) (Circumflex if not)
2 branches of LCA?
1) Circumflex artery
2) Left Anterior Descending
In what sulcus does CF artery lie? (Other large vessel?)
1) Left A-V sulcus
2) Coronary sinus, drains into RA
Where are the SAN and AVN found?
1) SAN: Upper aspect of crista terminalis
2) AVN: inter-atrial septum
What 2 spaces does crista terminalis divide?
1) Smooth walled atrium
2) Trabeculated auricle (Musculi Pectinati)
What is fossa ovalis remnant of?
1) Foramen Ovale
2) Shunted blood from RA to LA to bypass lungs
What are the chordae tendinae attached to?
1) Valves 2) Papillary muscles
Work to keep valves shut during ventricular contraction
How would know if valves not functioning?
Regurgitation of blood into ventricles as diastolic murmur
Where can auscultate aortic alve?
Right of sternum, 2nd IS
What nerve does LVN branch off to?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
