Introduction to Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What is the function and 2 parts of the Skeleton?

Answer 1

1) Support/protect organs 2)a) Axial: Skull, T&S Cavity b) Appendicular: Limbs

Question 2

Which 3 planes are body divided into?

Answer 2

Sagittal(Mid),Coronal(F&B), Axial(Waist)

Question 3

Name the Anatomical Positions (10)

Answer 3

1) Sup: Top
2) Inf: Bottom
3) Med: Closer to ML
4) Lat: Closer to R/LHS
5) Ant: Front
6) Post: Back
7) Superficial: Surface
8) Deep: Further inside
9) Prox: Close to origin Dist: Further away

Question 4

Terms for sides? (2)

Answer 4

Ipsilateral: Same side
Contralateral: Opposite side

Question 5

Definition and Types of Joints? (3)

Answer 5

Connection between 2/more bones

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 6

Other joint types? (6)

Answer 6

1) Planar: 2 Flat
2) Hinge: 1 S and 1 Round(1D)
3) Condylar: 1 Curve (F&E)
4) Saddle: Wide range in L-A
5) B&S: LA Movement
6) Pivot: Vert rot in 1D

Question 7

Which 3 bones comprise the Knee and joint type?

Answer 7

Patella, Femur, Tibia, (Synovial)

Question 8

Shape of 2 Knee bones and contact type?

Answer 8

Femur: Condylar
Tibia: Flat
Join to make small contacting surface (Meniscus CD)

Question 9

Types of Collateral Ligament and function?

Answer 9

1)LCL: Lat Ep Femur & Head of Fibula
2) MCL: Med EpC Fem and Tibial Plateau
Stops the knee coming apart

Question 10

Cruciate name? And from where to where?

Answer 10

Cruciate as cross. From An to Po CL (F&B Motion)

Question 11

Which of the 3 muscles types are striated, and which is under conscious control?

Answer 11

Striated: Cardiac and Skeletal
Conscious: Skeletal

Question 12

Where is Smooth muscle found?

Answer 12

Walls of several hollow organs: E.g. Bowel, Bladder, Uterus, Blood vessel

Question 13

Types of Skeletal Muscle? (5)

Porto Football Club Fans Suck

Answer 13

1) Fusiform (Fib parallel but larger muscle belly)
2) Pennate (F cont at angle to d of muscle)
3) Circular (Opening and closing e.g. around eye)
4) Fan (Parallel & Flat)
5) Strap (Parallel and long fibre- shorten and motor cont)

Question 14

What are the 10 actions of muscles?

Bonus: Lateral Flexion does?

Answer 14

1) Flexion
2) Extension
3) Circumduction
4) Abduction (Away)
5) Adduction
6) Opposition (Thumb and digits)
7)Pronation (FA back)
8) Supination (FA rotate forward (palm on top)
9) Protraction: Body out
10) Retraction: Move body in
(Bonus: Bend body sideways)

Question 15

Feet Sole movements?

Answer 15

Eversion and Inversion

Question 16

Why are the upper and lower limbs similar?

Answer 16

Both embryologically develop similarly

Question 17

Function of U and L Limb:

Answer 17

U: ^ Movement and Dexterity
L: Locomotion and Weight bearing

Question 18

How do the limb socket sizes compare:

Answer 18

Lower limb sockets are larger so greater stability/weight bearing, BUT: Reduced rotation

Question 19

Why is more muscle distally found in foot?

Answer 19

Greater ankle stability, as F&T fused together so more muscle needed for weight bearing

Question 20

Quantity of each type of Vertebrae? (4 types) + Bonus

Answer 20

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
4 Sacral (Fused to form Sacrum)
(Bonus 4 further used to make coccyx)

Question 21

Terms for Backward C&L), and Forward (Th) curvature?

Answer 21

Backward: Lordosis Forward: Kyphosis

Question 22

Terms for C1 and C2

Answer 22

C1: Atlas: Support weight of Skull
C2: Axis: Joined with C1 –> Odontoid Peg