Muscles of Back, Arm and Palm of Hand structure Flashcards
What are the 5 major (superficial) back muscles?
1) Trapezius
2) Latissimus Dorsi
3) Rhomboid Major
4) Rhomboid Minor
5) Levator scapulae superioris
What innervates the trapezius (and SCM) muscle? And what is its action?
1) CN 11 - Spinal Accessory
2) Elevates scapula and rotation during abduction of arm
Which rhomboid muscle is found most superiorly?
Minor
What are the 4 rotator muscles and collective function?
1) Supraspinatus 2) Infraspinatus 3) Subscapularis 4) Teres Minor
- Gives additional stability to the shoulder joint
What is the origin and insertion of rotator cuff muscles?
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Humeral Head
What is the function and insertion of the deltoid muscle?
F: Abduct, flex and extend the arm
I: Deltoid tuberosity of the Humerus
What is the action of Rhomboid major?
Retract scapula when combined w/ trapezius
What is the quadrilateral space created by?
Long head of triceps, axillary nerve, teres major and teres minor and Humerus
What is the large nerve on arm?
Ulnar nerve (Acts as funny bone when hit)
What is Serratus anterior function and innervation?
Protraction of the shoulder
Long thoracic nervw
Where are T Major and Minor found?
Behind the long head of the triceps
What is the glenoid cavity?
Shallow depression of a bone, for which another can form a connection
What are the 3 main groups of bones in the hand?
1) Carpal (8 bones)
2) Metacarpal
3) Phalanges (3 per finger) (2 per thumb)
Why is the skin of palm to underlying CT?
Prevent skin from slipping off hand whilst gripping
What is the Superficial Palmar arch and what forms it?
Arterial arcade to give off 4 digital branches to fingers
Made mostly by Ulnar artery (RA a little)
Where is the thenar eminence and actions of muscles?
Base of the thumb
Fine movements of the thumb
What are the 3 thenar muscles?
Abductor pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens pollicis
What is the role of the lumbricals?
Bend metacarpophalangeal joints
Straighten interphalangeal joints
What are the 4 proximal carpal bones?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
What are the 4 distal carpal bones?
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What are the 2 main bits of tendon at the start of the palm of the hand?
Palmaris Longus Flexor retinaculum (Deep)
What are the 2 arterial hand blood supply?
Ulnar: Forms superficial palm arch (Fascia and tendons of fingers)
Radial: Anatomical snuff box -> 1st WS -> Deep palmar arch (Tendons and bones of palm)
(However both connected, if 1 damaged other can supply)
What type of membrane do finger tendons have?
Synovial
What is a vincula?
Connective tissue connecting flexor tendon to phalanx bone
What are interossei used for?
Supplied by deep branch of ulnar nerve
1) Dorsal: Abduct (DAB)
2) Palmar: Adduct (PAD)
What does the medial nerve supply?
LLOAF
Lateral lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
Medial lumbricals, interossei and hypothenar eminence
What is the nerve hand distribution?
Radial: Back of hand (Dist IP joints)
Ulnar: Medial 1.5 of hand
Medial: Lateral palm –> Flexor surface, fingertips and nail bed
What are the 3 minimi tendons?
1) Flexor digiti minimi brevis
2) Abductor digiti minimi brevis
3) Opponens digiti minimi