Pleura and Mediastinum

Question 1

What is the origin of sternocleidomastoid muscle?

What is the inerstion?

Answer 1

Manubrium and clavicle

Mastoid Process

Question 2

3 functions of larynx?

Answer 2

1) Phonation
2) Cough reflex
3) Protect lower respiratory tract

Question 3

Why is epithelium of vocal folds stratified squamous?

Answer 3

More robust and can stand wear/tear of vibrations

Question 4

What does RLN nerve supply?

Answer 4

Motor innervation to intrinsic muscles of larynx

Question 5

How does laryngopharynx and larynx gain sensory innervation?

Answer 5

Via internal branch of Superior LRN supply

Question 6

Three unpaired cartilages in larynx?

Answer 6

1) Thyroid and Cricoid (Hyaline)

2) Epiglottis (Elastic)

Question 7

What do the two sheets of thyroid cartilage form in the midline?

Answer 7

The laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple).

Question 8

What is the superior vestibular fold known as?

Answer 8

False vocal folds

Question 9

What are the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 9

The suprahyoids, infrahyoids and stylopharyngeus.

Question 10

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 10

They move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly during swallowing.

Question 11

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 11

1) Omohyoid (Scapula to hyoid)
2) Sternohyoid (sternum to hyoid)
3) Sternothyroid
4) Thyrohyoid

Question 12

Intrinsic larynx muscles function?

Innervation

Answer 12

Control shape of rima glottidis, length and tension of vocal folds
(Recurrent laryngeal nerve)

Question 13

Define the rima glottidis?

Answer 13

Space between vocal cords

Question 14

What are the 3 divisions of the pharnyx?

Answer 14

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx

Question 15

What is the name of the superficial muscle overlapping the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 15

Platysma

Question 16

Where does LRLN go and where does it innervate?

Answer 16

1) Runs under and behind arch of aorta

2) Innervates the intrinsic muscles of larynx

Question 17

Where do the intercostal veins drain into?

Answer 17

Azygous veins

Question 18

Where does the sympathetic nerves/chain run from?

Answer 18

T1 to L2

Question 19

What is the sympathetic chain made up of?

Answer 19

Series of ganglia

Question 20

Where do splanchnic nerves arise from, supply and names?

Answer 20

Arise from SC and pass behind diaphragm to supply gut

1) Greater: Foregut T5-9
2) Lesser: Midgut T10-11
3) Least: Hindgut T12