Pleura and Mediastinum Flashcards
What is the origin of sternocleidomastoid muscle?
What is the inerstion?
Manubrium and clavicle
Mastoid Process
3 functions of larynx?
1) Phonation
2) Cough reflex
3) Protect lower respiratory tract
Why is epithelium of vocal folds stratified squamous?
More robust and can stand wear/tear of vibrations
What does RLN nerve supply?
Motor innervation to intrinsic muscles of larynx
How does laryngopharynx and larynx gain sensory innervation?
Via internal branch of Superior LRN supply
Three unpaired cartilages in larynx?
1) Thyroid and Cricoid (Hyaline)
2) Epiglottis (Elastic)
What do the two sheets of thyroid cartilage form in the midline?
The laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple).
What is the superior vestibular fold known as?
False vocal folds
What are the extrinsic muscles of the pharynx?
The suprahyoids, infrahyoids and stylopharyngeus.
What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?
They move the larynx superiorly and inferiorly during swallowing.
What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?
1) Omohyoid (Scapula to hyoid)
2) Sternohyoid (sternum to hyoid)
3) Sternothyroid
4) Thyrohyoid
Intrinsic larynx muscles function?
Innervation
Control shape of rima glottidis, length and tension of vocal folds
(Recurrent laryngeal nerve)
Define the rima glottidis?
Space between vocal cords
What are the 3 divisions of the pharnyx?
1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngopharynx
What is the name of the superficial muscle overlapping the sternocleidomastoid?
Platysma
Where does LRLN go and where does it innervate?
1) Runs under and behind arch of aorta
2) Innervates the intrinsic muscles of larynx
Where do the intercostal veins drain into?
Azygous veins
Where does the sympathetic nerves/chain run from?
T1 to L2
What is the sympathetic chain made up of?
Series of ganglia
Where do splanchnic nerves arise from, supply and names?
Arise from SC and pass behind diaphragm to supply gut
1) Greater: Foregut T5-9
2) Lesser: Midgut T10-11
3) Least: Hindgut T12
