Axilla, Brachial Plexus and Upper Limb (FA and AA) Flashcards
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
1) Supraspinatus (Abd)
2) Infraspinatus (ER)
3) Teres Minor (ER)
4) Subscapularis (IR)
What do the rotator cuff muscles do?
Stabilise the shoulder joints
What is deltoids innervation and function?
1) Axillary nerve
2) Abduction of the arm
What is the axilla?
Area underneath shoulder joint at junction between UL and Thorax (armpit)
What structures form borders of axilla?
A: 1st Rib, Clavicle and Scapula
MW: SAnterior, Ribs and Intercostal
LW: Upper Humerus, biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
AW: Pec Major and Minor
PW: Latissimus dorsi, teres major and subscapularis
B: Skin and deep fascia
What are 5 components found in the axilla?
1) Fat
2) Lymph Nodes
3) Axillary Artery
4) Brachial Plexus
5) Axillary Vein
What spinal nerve roots form the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
What are the divisions of BP?
Roots –> Trunk –> Divisions –> Cords –> Branches
What are the 5 main branches of the BP?
1) Ulnar 2) Median 3) Musculotaneous (UMM)
Radial and Axillary
What are the nerve roots for each branch?
Musc: C5,6,7 Axill: C5,6 Median: C6,7,8, T1 Radial: C5,6,7,8 T1 Ulnar: C8, T1
What are the three trunks of BP?
1) Superior Trunk (C5,6)
2) Middle Trunk (C7)
3) Inferior Trunk (C8,T1)
What are the 3 cords of the BP?
1) Lateral Cord
2) Posterior Cord
3) Medial Cord
What divisions form each cord
L: Anterior divisions of S and M trunks
P: Post divisions of S,M and I Trunks
M: Anterior division of I trunk
What does the Musculotaneous nerve innervate?
M: Anterior flexors: Brachialis, BB, CB (BBC)
S: Lateral Forearm
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
M: Abductors of arm at shoulder: Teres Minor, Long head of triceps and deltoid
S: Skin over the lower deltoid
What does the median nerve innervate?
M: Flexors in anterior forearm, thenar muscles and lateral two lumbricals (LLOAF)
S: Lateral palm of hand and lateral 3.5 fingers
What does the radial nerve innervate?
S: Skin on posterior side of forearm and hand
M: Triceps brachii, elbow extension, innervation of extensor muscles in forearm posterior compartment
What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
M: Muscles of hand, flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profunuds
S: Medial 1.5 fingers and medial palm
What is found in the cubital fossa? (L–>M)
Biceps Tendon Brachial Artery Median Nerve (TAN)
What does brachialis do?
Flexion of the elbow joint
What is the action of biceps brachii?
Flexion of elbow joint and forearm supination
What cord transection of BP paralyses BBC?
Lateral Cord
What are 4 1 2 1 muscles of anterior forearm? (S–> Deep)
1) Pronator Teres, Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris and Palmaris Longus (All from medial epicondyle)
2) Flexor digitorum superficialis
3) Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus
4) Pronator quadrat
What is the action of flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexes interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints
