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2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM > post lab discussion 3 & 4 > Flashcards

post lab discussion 3 & 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

ethanol is an example of what type of alcohol

A

primary alcohol

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2
Q

isopropanol is an example of what type of alcohol

A

secondary alcohol

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3
Q

tert-butanol is an example of what type of alcohol

A

tertiary alcohol

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4
Q

what is the formula of benzyl alcohol

A

C6H5CH2OH

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5
Q

what is the formula of phenol

A

C6H6O or C6H5OH

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6
Q

what type of reaction is Baeyer’s test

A

oxidation reaction

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7
Q

what is the test for baeyer’s test

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons or
1 degree and 2 degree alcohols

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8
Q

what is the reagents used for Baeyer’s reaction

A

Aq Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)

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9
Q

what colour is the aq Potassium Permanganate

A

purple

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10
Q

what is the positive result of Baeyer’s test

A

disappearance of purple color in solution and formation of brown precipitate

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11
Q

strong/ weak oxidation of ___ alcohols using ____

A

strong oxidation
primary and secondary alcohols
KMnO4

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12
Q

what kind of reaction is jones test

A

oxidation reaction

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13
Q

what is the test for jones test

A

primary and secondary alcohols

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14
Q

what kind of test is compatible for primary and secondary alcohols

A

jones test
Baeyer’s test

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15
Q

what reagents are used for jones test

A

jones reagent: chromic acid (composed of K2Cr2O7 dissolved in H2SO4)

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16
Q

what is the color of the jones reagent

A

dark orange

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17
Q

what is the positive result for jones test

A

production of blue to green colored-product

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18
Q

in baeyer’s test, the primary alcohols products are

A

aldehyde or carboxylic acid

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19
Q

how is aldehydes formed in Baeyer’s test

A

by replacing 1 C-H bond by 1 C-O bond

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20
Q

how is carboxylic acid formed in Baeyer’s test

A

by replacing 2 C-H bonds by 2 C-O bonds

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21
Q

in baeyer’s test, the secondary alcohols products are

A

ketone

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22
Q

how is ketone formed in Baeyer’s test

A

by replacing 1 C-H bond by 1 C-O bond

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23
Q

in jones test, the secondary alcohols products are

A

ketone + water + intense blue to green - 2Cr2(SO4)3

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24
Q

in jones test, the primary alcohols products are

A

carboxylic acid + water + intense blue to green - 2Cr2(SO4)3

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25
Q

what is the test for lucas test

A

to distinguish the classifications of alcohols:
tertiary alcohols - fast
secondary alcohols - slow

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26
Q

what is the reagents used in lucas test

A

concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and zinc chloirde (ZnCl2)

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27
Q

what is the positive result for lucas test

A

appearance of a cloudy layer or emulsion

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28
Q

which alcohol in the lucas test that the solution turns turbid and forms an emulsion immediately

A

tertiary alcohols

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29
Q

which alcohol in the lucas test that the solution turns turbid and forms an oily layer in three to five minutes

A

secondary alcohols

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30
Q

in lucas test, the secondary alcohols. it turns turbid and forms an ___ layer in ___ to ___ minutes

A

oily layer
3 to 5 min

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31
Q

what is the test for ferric chloride

A

phenol

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32
Q

what are the reagents used for ferric chloride test

A

aq iron (III) chloride (FeCl3)

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33
Q

what is the positive result for ferric chloride test

A

purple ring at the interface

34
Q

what is the chemical equation of ferric chloride test

A

3ArOH + FeCl3 —–> Fe(OAr)3 (colored complex)

35
Q

phenols can also react with

A

baeyer’s test
jones reagent = produce diff color

36
Q

it undergo a different reaction mechanism
with that of alcohols.

A

phenols

37
Q

it is the “pulling out” of a substance from
one phase by another phase

A

extraction

38
Q

the term is usually used to describe the removal of a desired compound from a solid or liquid mixture using a solvent

A

extraction

39
Q

extraction is usually used to describe the removal of a desired compound from a____ mixture using a ____

A

solid or liquid
solvent

40
Q

what are the steps of the extraction

A
  1. shake aq solvent and organic solvent - to allow molecules to partition
  2. phases settle and separate with gravity
41
Q

it refers to an extraction of an organic compound from one liquid phase using another liquid

A

liquid- liquid extraction

42
Q

Liquid-liquid extraction refers to an
extraction of an ______ from one liquid phase using another ____

A

organic compound
liquid

43
Q

it is the most commonly used device from liquid-liquid extraction

A

separatory funnel

44
Q

in the separatory funnel, why is the mixture shaken with frequent venting

A

to remove the pressure

45
Q

if there is H present, what reaction can occur

A

oxidation reaction

46
Q

how to use a separatory funnel

A
  1. aq solution and extracting solvent are mixed inside
  2. mixture is shaken with frequent venting
  3. after the 2 layers have separated, the lower layer is drained into a vessel
47
Q

what is extracted from the separatory funnel?
liquid with lower or higher density

A

higher density first then the lower density

48
Q

it is physiologically active nitrogen
containing compounds that can be extracted from plants using aqueous acid

A

alkaloid

49
Q

alkaloid can be extracted from plants using

A

aqueous acid

50
Q

alkaloids are ___

A

amines

51
Q

alkaloids forms_____ when treated with _____

A

water soluble salt
acids

52
Q

what is an example of alkaloid

A

caffeine

53
Q

it belongs to a family of naturally occurring stimulants known as xanthines

A

caffeiene

54
Q

caffeine belongs to a family of naturally occurring stimulants known as

A

xanthines

55
Q

caffeine has the ability to

A

increase alertness
reduce sleepiness
increase the ability to think

56
Q

caffeine is a vasodilator that…

A

relexes the blood vessels

57
Q

caffeine is diuretic that….

A

induces urination

58
Q

caffeine is ____that induces urination

A

diuretic

59
Q

caffeine is a ______ that relaxes the blood vessels

A

vasodilator

60
Q

caffeine can be found in

A

beverage (coffee, tea, cocoa, choco milk, soft drinks)

61
Q

tea leaves contain ….

A

caffeine
cellulose
pigments and chlorophylls
tannins

62
Q

it is a high-molecular weight phenolic compounds.

A

tannins

63
Q

tannins are a high-molecular weight ____ compounds.

A

phenolic

64
Q

what is/ are water soluble?
caffeine or tannins

A

both

65
Q

what is range melting point of caffeine

A

227-228 degree celcius

66
Q

is caffeine weakly basic or strongly basic

A

weakly basic

67
Q

caffeine is moderately soluble in ____ but very soluble in ____

A

water (22mg/ml)
boiling water (670mg/ml)

68
Q

extracting caffeine
from tea leaves by

A

decoction

69
Q

it is a halogenated organic solvent, polar but not soluble in
water

A

dichloromethane

70
Q

dichloromethane is a ____,
polar but not ____ in
water.

A

halogenated organic solvent
soluble

71
Q

tannins are weakly ____

A

acidic

72
Q

tannins can be separated from caffeine by converting them to ___ using ____

A

water-soluble salts
sodium carbonate

73
Q

what are the disadvantages of converting tannins to salts

A

they bcm anionic surfactants
surfactants allow water-insoluble materials to form an emulsion with H2O (emulsion may be avoided by shaking gently. not vigorously)

74
Q

how to remove the emulsion

A
  1. make the aq layer highly ionic by adding sodium chloride
  2. centrifugation - breaking small scale emulsion
75
Q

it is toxic and carcinogen

A

(DCM) dichloromethane

76
Q

DCM is toxic thus need to ___ under the fume hood

A

evaporate

77
Q

what is the structure of the caffeine

A

search it up lol

78
Q

if you shake the separatory funnel too vigorously, more ___ thus making it hard to ____

A

emulsion
separate

79
Q

what is the residue when u evaporate the DCM under the fume hood

A

crude caffeine

80
Q

in the separatory funnel, what is the denser solvent?

A

that is ur DCM (an organic solvent)

81
Q

why is it important to be cautious when draining the DCM

A

to make sure not to contaminate ur caffeine

2023 SEM 1 INORG & ORG CHEM (22 decks)

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